普通小麦与簇毛麦双二倍体的合成,育性及细胞遗传学研究

通过杂种幼胚无性系培养获得大量再生植株F_1,经秋水仙碱处理,合成了普通小麦与簇毛麦属间双二倍体(AABBDDVV)。其形态特征除株高、穗长、小穗数,籽粒大小和育性明显增加,生育期延长外,分别与各自的再生植株F_1相似。双二倍体的体细胞染色体数目变化范围为48—56。花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ 2n=28Ⅱ的细胞占56.82％,每个细胞平均有27.10个二价体,1.44个单价体,0.08个三价体,0.03个四价体。经过连续两代单穗单株选择,结实率由15.91％提高到36.52％。

Research on Synthesis, Fertility and Cytogenetics of Trlticum aestioum and Haynaldia villosa Amphidiploid (AABBDDVV)

A large number of F1 regenerated plants (2n = 28 ABDV) were obtained through clone culture of immature hybrid embryos.And they were treated with colchicine.Thus,intergeneric amphidiploids of T.aestivum L.(2n=42 AABBDD) and H.villosa Schur (2n=14 VV) were synthesized,whose morphological characteristics resembled their Fi regenerated plants apart from an apparent increase in plant height,spike length,number of spikelets per spike,size of seeds,and fertility,with the growth development prolonged.The somatic chromosome numbers of the amphidiploid ranged from 48 to 56.Based on cytological examination of chromosome pairing of PMC meiosis at MI,the percentage of cells of 2n = 28" was 56.82% and per averaged cell has 1.44',27.10",0.08'" and 0.03"" Through the single spike and plants selections for two successive generations,the seed-setting percentage increased from 15.91% to 36.52%.