应用基因组原位杂交鉴定蓝粒小麦及其诱变后代

应用基因组原位杂交技术（GISH）对普通小麦（Triticum aestivumL.)和长穗偃麦草Agropyron elongatum(Host)Beauv,2n=10x=70]杂交后选育出的蓝粒小麦蓝-58及其诱变后代的染色体组成进行了鉴定。结果表明，GISH可方便地检测到小麦遗传背景中的长穗偃麦草染色体或易位的片段。如前人报道，蓝-58（2n=42)是一个具有2条长穗偃麦草4E染色体的异代换系（4E/4D）。LW004可能是一个具有两对相互易位染色体的纯合系，其田间表现磷高效特性，LW43-3-4为41条染色体的蓝单体（40W 1’4E），种子颜色为浅蓝色，通过此法还检测出一些染色体结构发生很大变异的材料如4E的单端体（40W 1‘4E)，种子颜色为浅蓝色，通过此法还检测出一些染色结构发生很大变异的材料如4E的单端体（40W 1‘t4E)以及组型为39W 1‘4E 1‘t4E的个体，此项研究结果更为直观地表明控制蓝粒体状的基因的确在来自长穗偃麦草的染色体上。同时说明有效的突变方法与灵活方便的检测手段的有机结合在染色体工程材料的创制和染色体工程育种中起着至关重要的作用。

Identification of Blue Grained Wheat and Its Irradiation-mutated Offsprings by Genomic in situ Hybridization (GISH)

Transferring useful chromosome(s),chromosomal fragment(s) or genes from related species into common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is an effective method for improving wheat cultivars,and DNA:DNA in situ hybridization has been proven to be an effective method for directly demonstrating alien chromosome number and distribution in plant. In this study,genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was used to identify the chromosomal constitutions of the blue grained wheat Blue 58 originated from distant hybridization between Triticum aestivum L. and Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv (2n=10x=70) and its irradiation mutated offsprings. The results showed that ,as previously reported ,Blue 58 (2n=42) was a substitution line in which a pair of 4D chromosomes of common wheat was substituted by a pair of 4E chromosomes from Agropyron elongatum. Mutation line LW004 might be a homozygous reciprocal translocation line in which two pair of chromosomes might be involved in the translocation event and it showed high efficiency in utilizing soil phosphorus in our field screening experiments. Mutation line LW43 3 4 was a blue monosomic line with 40 wheat chromosomes plus one 4E chromosome from Agropyron elongatum in its genome and its seeds showed light blue color. Some other chromosome rearrangements and structure changes were also detected among the mutated offsprings through GISH, such as telomonosomic line (40W+1't 4E ) and a line with a chromosomal constitution of 39W+1'4E+1't 4E . Our results indicated very clearly that it was the chromosome derived from Agropyron elongatum carried gene(s) responsible for the blue pigmentation in wheat grains and it was also illustrated from our results that the combination of effective methods for generating mutations at chromosomal level and convenient detection of these mutations played pivotal roles in creating materials for chromosome engineering and in breeding by means of chromosome engineering.