利用微卫星技术分析中国部分地方鸡种的遗传结构

利用7个微卫星标记对鹿苑鸡、固始鸡、藏鸡、白耳鸡、仙居鸡、茶花鸡、大骨鸡、北京油鸡、狼山鸡、河南斗鸡、泰和乌骨鸡和萧山鸡等12个中国地方鸡种的等位基因频率、基因杂合度、平均基因杂合度、多态信息含量以及群体间的亲缘关系进行分析。研究结果表明，12个地方鸡种在7个微卫星座位上的基因频率存在一定的差异；鹿苑鸡的平均基因杂合度最高，为0．5929；茶花鸡的平均遗传杂合度最低，为0．3514。平均多态信息含量也出现了类似的结果，说明鹿苑鸡的遗传多样性最丰富。模糊聚类分析结果表明，12个地方鸡种间，泰和乌骨鸡与河南斗鸡的亲缘关系相对较近，而固始鸡与其他11个地方鸡种的亲缘关系相对较远。12个地方鸡种可以聚为3类：泰和乌骨鸡、河南斗鸡、狼山鸡、大骨鸡、萧山鸡、北京油鸡、鹿苑鸡聚为第1个类群；茶花鸡、藏鸡、仙居鸡、白耳鸡聚为第2类群；固始鸡为第3类群。

Analysis of Genetic Relationship Among Chinese Native Chicken Breeds Using Microsatellites Marker

The allele frequencies,heterozygosity(H),mean heterozygosity,polymorphism information content(PIC)and genetic relationships were studied in Luyuan chicken,Gushi chicken,Tibetan chicken,Baier chicken,Xianju chicken,Chahua chicken,Dagu chicken,Beijing Fatty chicken,Langshan chicken,Henan Game chicken,Taihe Silkies chicken and Xiaoshan chicken using seven microsatellite DNA markers.The results showed that there were differences among allele fequencies of seven microsatellite loci in 12 Chinese native chicken breeds.Among the 12 Chinese native chicken breeds,mean heterozygosity of Luyuan chicken was the highest(0.5929),and that of Chahua chicken was the lowest(0.3514).There were similar results in PIC.By fuzzy cluster analysis was found that the genetic relationship between Taihe Silkies chicken and Henan Game chicken was the nearest,and that between Gushi chicken and the other chicken breeds was the most distant.The 12 Chinese native chicken breeds were divided into three group by fuzzy cluster analysis.The first group included Taihe Silkies chicken,Henan Game chicken,Langshan chicken,Xiaoshan chicken,Dagu chicken,Beijing Fatty chicken and Luyuan chicken,the second group included Chahua chicken,Tibetan chicken,Xianju chicken and Baier chicken,and the third group included Gushi chicken.