Nitrogen assimilation in plants: current status and future prospects |
| |
| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;2. College of Advanced Agricultural Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China;4. College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2. National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;1. Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;2. INRA, IJPB, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, F-78026, France;1. Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Systems and Synthetic Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Chile;2. Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile;3. Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile;4. Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA;5. Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes ''Claude Grignon'', UMR CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, UM, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France;1. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France;2. AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France |
| |
| Abstract: | Nitrogen (N) is the driving force for crop yields; however, excessive N application in agriculture not only increases production cost, but also causes severe environmental problems. Therefore, comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanisms of N use efficiency (NUE) and breeding crops with higher NUE is essential to tackle these problems. NUE of crops is determined by N uptake, transport, assimilation, and remobilization. In the process of N assimilation, nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT, also known as glutamate synthase) are the major enzymes. NR and NiR mediate the initiation of inorganic N utilization, and GS/GOGAT cycle converts inorganic N to organic N, playing a vital role in N assimilation and the final NUE of crops. Besides, asparagine synthetase (ASN), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPSase) are also involved. In this review, we summarize the function and regulation of these enzymes reported in three major crops—rice, maize, and wheat, also in the model plant Arabidopsis, and we highlight their application in improving NUE of crops via manipulating N assimilation. Anticipated challenges and prospects toward fully understanding the function of N assimilation and further exploring the potential for NUE improvement are discussed. |
| |
| Keywords: | Nitrogen assimilation Nitrate reduction Ammonium assimilation Nitrogen use efficiency Crops |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
