凤仙花属3种植物的开花性状和繁育系统研究

通过形态、扫描电镜观察及人工控制授粉等方法对温室环境中的睫毛萼凤仙花(Impatiens blepharosepala Pritz. ex Diels)、绿萼凤仙花(I. chlorosepala Hand.-Mazz.)、菱叶凤仙花(I. rhombifolia Y. Q. Lu et Y. L. Chen)等凤仙花属3种植物的开花物候、花部性状以及繁育系统进行探究。结果显示：3种植物的开花物候依据花部形态变化可分为6个时期，各植物花期存在部分重叠；花部性状、部分繁育指标、花粉粒和子房微形态等方面均存在部分差异；3个物种的花粉生活力与柱头可授性变化趋势在整体上呈单峰型；3种植物的繁育系统均为兼性异交，其具体特征为自交亲和、需要传粉者；花蜜报酬满足小体型昆虫的传粉需要；3个物种的6种控制授粉处理中对照处理结实率低于3种人工授粉处理结实率，且不存在自花授粉和无融合生殖的现象；3种处理中人工异株异花授粉处理结实率最高，人工同株异花授粉处理结实率最低。

Study on the flowering traits and breeding systems of three Impatiens species

The flowering phenologies, floral traits, and breeding systems of three Impatiens species (I. blepharosepala Pritz. ex Diels, I. chlorosepala Hand.-Mazz., I. rhombifolia Y.Q. Lu et Y.L. Chen) grown in a greenhouse were explored by morphological observation, scanning electron microscopy, and manual control of pollination. Results showed that the flowering phenology of the three species could be divided into six periods according to changes in floral morphological. The various plant flowering periods showed partial overlap and certain differences were found in floral traits, breeding indicators, pollen grains, and ovary micromorphology. Overall, the trends in pollen viability and stigma receptivity in the three species were unimodal. The breeding systems were facultative outcrossing, with characteristics of self-compatibility and pollinator requirement. Nectar volume and sucrose met the pollination needs of small-sized insects. The setting percentage in the control treatments were lower than those in the three artificial pollination treatments, the absence of phenomenon of self-pollination and apomixis in six control pollination treatments for the three species, and the highest setting percentage in the manual xenogamy and the lowest in the manual geitonogamy.