山梨猕猴桃与中华猕猴桃种间杂交后代果实性状的遗传倾向分析

以山梨猕猴桃(Actinidia rufa(Siebold and Zuccarini)Planchon ex Miquel)品种‘63101’和中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis C. F. Liang)品种‘磨山雄7号’杂交产生的400余株F₁代个体为材料，连续2~3年对其果实品质和外观特点的9个性状进行测定，分析它们的遗传规律。结果显示 ，子代群体单果质量连续3年低于双亲中值，遗传传递力连续3年低于100%，优势率连续3年均为负值；可溶性固形物子代中值除2015年略低外，其余2年均高于亲中值12.3%；优势率均为正值，遗传传递力均大于100%；子代果实形状出现分离，与母本圆柱形相同的比例占82%；果皮毛被中，偏离母本的有毛比例为60%；果皮颜色出现绿色、绿褐色、褐色的分离，比例为1∶1.5∶1；果实肩部形状多与母本的方形相似，占比为63%；果肉颜色也多与母本的绿色相似，占比为 86%；果实风味中，与父本和母本相似的表型占比均为32%，口感酸的占比18%，超低亲极酸占比1%，超高亲浓甜占比9%。说明杂交子代单果质量和可溶性固形物含量分别表现为趋小和趋高的遗传倾向；果实形状、果实肩部形状和果肉颜色的遗传倾向于母本性状，而果皮毛被的遗传倾向偏离母本性状；果实风味具有广泛的性状分离现象，存在远高于高亲值和远低于低亲值的极端单株。研究结果说明这些子代材料有选育成为优良猕猴桃单株的潜力。

Genetic analysis of fruit traits in Actinidia rufa (Siebold and Zuccarini) Planchon ex Miquel × Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis C. F. Liang kiwifruit hybrid population

Genetic analysis of fruit traits in hybrid populations of kiwifruit (Actinidia) can provide a theoretical basis for hybridization breeding. Here, we measured nine traits of fruit quality and shape characteristics of an F₁ population generated through hybridization between a female A. rufa '63101’ parent and male A. chinensis 'Moshan male No. 7’ parent. Results showed that average fruit mass of the F₁ population was lower than that of their parents, indicating a genetic tendency of regressing to small fruit. Average content of soluble solids was higher than the median content in parents, showing a genetic tendency to a higher level. The fruit shape of F₁ showed five segregated traits, 82% of which were the same as the female parent (cylinder). Fruit hairiness of F₁ showed a genetic tendency toward the male parent, with 60% and 40% being piliferous and glabrous, respectively. Skin color was characterized as green, greenish brown, or brown, at a ratio of 1.0∶1.5∶1.0. Shoulder shape at the stalk end was mainly square and outer pericarp color was mainly green, showing genetic tendencies toward the female parent (63% and 86%, respectively). For fruit flavors of the F₁ population, 64% were identical to the parents, 1% were extremely sour, and 9% were highly sweet. These results indicated that the hybrids showed a genetic tendency toward smaller fruit mass and higher soluble solid content. Fruit shape, shoulder shape at stalk, and color of outer pericarp showed genetic tendencies toward the female parent, but fruit hair showed a genetic deviation from the female parent. Fruit flavors showed wide separation, with some strains exceeding the parents. Thus, these progenies exhibit potential superiority.