濒危植物紫纹兜兰群落特征及其保护

对广东省河源市紫金县白溪自然保护区紫纹兜兰（Paphiopedilum purpuratum（Lindl.）Stein）所在的2个群落进行了样方调查，分析了其生境、物种组成、群落区系特点及群落结构特征。结果显示，调查样地内共有维管束植物47科79属94种。属的区系成分中泛热带和热带亚洲成分占主要地位，占非世界分布总属数的84.3%，具有热带向亚热带过渡的性质。群落1中扇叶铁线蕨（Adiantum flabellulatum Linn.）和中华苔草（Carex chinensis Retz.）为优势种，紫纹兜兰仅为伴生种，群落2中紫纹兜兰为优势种。两群落均以小高位芽植物为主，但缺乏大高位芽植物、地面芽植物及一年生草本，而藤本植物的丰富则进一步加大了林下的郁闭度。综合生境因素比较两个群落表明，紫纹兜兰对环境具有极强的依赖性，对坡度坡向及环境湿度有一定的要求，对伴生植物并无明显的选择性。建议加强对紫纹兜兰的就地保护，同时加大对其栽培繁殖技术的研究。

Study on the community characteristics and conservation of endangered species Paphiopedilum purpuratum (Lindl.) Stein

The habitat conditions, species composition, floral components and characteristics of two communities of Paphiopedilum purpuratum (Lindl.) Stein were analyzed based on field work in the Baixi Nature Reserve of Zijin County, Heyuan City, Guangdong Province, China. A total of 94 vascular species were recorded, belonging to 79 genera and 47 families in plots. At the generic level, pantropical and tropical Asian genera were the dominant components, contributing 84.3% of the total genera, excluding cosmopolitan genera. The floristic composition of the community showed tropical and subtropical transition. In Community 1, Adiantum flabellulatum Linn. and Carex chinensis Retz. were dominant, with P. purpuratum as a companion species. In Community 2, however, P. purpuratum was the dominant species. Life form distribution was dominated by microphanerophytes, with limited macrophanerophytes, hemicryptophytes, and therophytes. Vine richness further increased under dense forest canopies. Comparing the two community habitats, P. purpuratum had a strong dependence on the environment, particularly on slope aspect and environmental humidity. There was no obvious selectivity for the associated plants of P. purpuratum. Based on these results, we suggest that the conservation of P. purpuratum is of considerable value, with the application of in-situ protection and reproduction techniques critical.