作物抗倒伏相关性状及其信号转导调控机理的研究进展

倒伏是影响作物品种选育和产业化推广的重要限制因子,会使作物籽粒与秸秆的产量和品质显著降低且易引发病虫害,不利于机械化收割使作物经济效益显著降低。株高、茎秆强度、壁厚、分蘖数、分蘖夹角等性状同作物茎秆抗倒伏特性密切相关。倒伏主要分为为根倒伏和茎倒伏,茎倒伏与茎秆特性相关,其中株高与分蘖数分别受赤霉素信号转导和独脚金内酯信号转导的调控;根部各性状主要受生长素、乙烯以及细胞分裂素等激素信号转导的调节。本文对植物抗倒伏相关性状与抗倒伏的关系以及各重要性状相关信号转导途径方面的研究进行综述,并对基于激素信号转导途径的作物抗倒伏性状改良和分子育种今后的研究方向进行了展望。

Research progress on crop lodging resistance-related traits and mechanism of signal transduction

Lodging is an important limiting factor that affects the selection and industrialization of crop varieties. It can significantly reduce the yield and quality of crop grains and stalks, and increase the risk of pests and diseases, resulting in poorer mechanized harvesting and lower economic benefits. Plant height, stalk strength, stalk wall thickness, tillers, and tiller angle are all associated with lodging resistance of crop stalks. Lodging is mainly divided into root lodging and stem lodging. Stem lodging is primarily related to stalk characteristics, especially plant height and tillers, which are controlled by gibberellin signal transduction and strigolactone signal transduction respectively; root traits are regulated by hormone signaling pathways such as auxin, ethylene, and cytokinin. In this paper, we summarized the relationships among morphological characteristics and lodging resistance and signal transduction pathways to provide a theoretical reference for the genetic improvement of lodging resistance.