河南省鸡公山国家级自然保护区外来入侵植物1994-2014年间的变化

以河南省鸡公山国家级自然保护区外来入侵植物为研究对象,对该地区1994 -2014年间外来入侵植物的变化进行了研究。结果显示,1951 -2010年信阳市每5年的平均温度明显上升、降水量年际间的波动较大;1994 -2014年的20年间,该保护区外来入侵植物从49种增加到60种,增长了22.4%,增加的11种外来入侵植物分别为:菊科4种,豆科2种,苋科、十字花科、大戟科、酢浆草科和雨久花科各1种;该保护区外来入侵植物主要来源于美洲、欧洲、亚洲和非洲,1994 -2014年间来自美洲的入侵植物共33种(其中新增加的有6种),占2014年外来入侵物种的50.0%以上;从生活型来看,外来入侵植物主要为陆生植物,占总数的95%以上,其中,一年生植物>一、二年生植物>多年生草本植物;从入侵途径来看,有意引进>无意引入>自然扩散;新增的入侵植物以种子作为主要繁殖方式的有9种。因此,对该保护区生物多样性保护和引种过程中,要加强对来自美洲的以种子作为主要繁殖方式的陆生草本植物的入侵风险进行监控和管理。

Changes in Alien Invasive Plants in Jigong Mountain National Nature Reserve of Henan Province from 1994 - 2014

Straddling the Henan and Hubei Provinces of China, Jigong Mountain National Nature Reserve (JMNNR) (31°46'~ 31°52' N, 114°01' ~ 114°06' E) of Xinyang has a forest ecosystem characteristic of north sub-tropical to warm temperate transitional zones. The average temperature of Xinyang has risen significantly between 1951 and 2010, accompanied by widely oscillating annual precipitation that exhibited no discernible trend. Between 1994 and 2014, the number of alien invasive plants (AIPs) increased from 49 to 60 in JMNNR, with the newly arrived species consisting of four species of Compositae, two species of Leguminosae, and one species each of Amaranthaceae, Cruciferae, Euphorbiaceae, Oxalidaceae, and Pontederiaceae. The invasive species mostly originated from America, Europe, Asia, and Africa, with those of American origin accounting for more than 50.0% of total invasive species in both 1994 and 2014. More than 95% of the invasive species in JMNNR were terrestrial. In both 1994 and 2014, annuals outnumbered biennials, which in turn outnumbered perennials. Intentional introduction has been the most damaging invasion pathway, followed by unintentional introduction and then naturalization. Of the newly invasive plants, nine reproduced via seed dispersal. To protect the biodiversity of the nature reserve, it is important to strengthen the monitoring and management of terrestrial alien herbaceous plants, especially those from the America and those that use seeds for reproduction.