陕南秦巴山区药用植物群落物种多样性研究

采用样方法对陕南秦巴山区药用植物群落物种多样性进行了研究。结果显示,该地区药用植物共计105科268属361种,其中药用裸子植物5科6属7种,药用被子植物92科254属344种,药用蕨类植物7科8属10种;含1属的科、含2~5属的科和含1种的属的药用植物数量较多,所占比例较高;该地区各植被类型的物种多样性变化各具特点,其中,物种丰富度指数(S)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)及Simpson多样性指数(D)表现为:乔木层最小、灌木层较大、草本层最大,但Pielou物种均匀度指数(J)的变化较为复杂;药用植物群落总的物种丰富度、乔木层物种丰富度和草本层物种丰富度均随海拔的升高表现出先升高后下降的趋势,且物种丰富度最大值出现在海拔1000~1200 m的山地常绿落叶阔叶林和温性针阔混交林的过渡区域,但灌木层物种丰富度与海拔之间无相关关系。本研究结果为阐明山地物种多样性的分布格局提供了基础资料,也为该区域药用植物的保护和管理提供参考。

Species Diversity of the Medicinal Plant Community in the Qin-Ba Mountainous Area of Southern Shaanxi

Species diversity of the medicinal plant community in the Qin-Ba Mountainous area of southern Shaanxi was investigated using the quadrat method. Results showed that medicinal plants were comprised of 105 families, 268 genera and 361 species, which included 7 species (belonging to 6 genera in 5 families) of gymnosperms, 344 species (belonging to 254 genera in 92 families) of angiosperms and 10 species (belonging to 8 genera in 7 families) of ferns. Families that included 1-5 genera and genera that included one species had an advantage in number and proportion. Changes in species diversity of the vegetation types exhibited unique characteristics in the area. The species richness index (S), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H), and Simpson diversity index (D) followed the order (from lowest to highest) of tree layer < shrub layer < herbaceous layer. However, changes in the Pielou species evenness index (J) were more complex. Species richness of the medicinal plant community in the tree layer and herbaceous layer first increased and then decreased with increasing altitude. The maximum value of species richness was at 1000-1200 m asl, namely between the evergreen broad-leaved forest and temperate theropencedrymion. Species richness of the shrub layer had no correlation to altitude, as determined by parabolic equation fitting. This research will provide basic data for illustrating the distribution pattern of plant species diversity in the mountainous region of Qin-Ba, and provide a theoretical reference for protecting and managing medicinal plants in the region.