新疆甘家湖梭梭林自然保护区植物组成及地理成分分析

根据野外调查、标本鉴定及查阅文献,对新疆甘家湖梭梭林自然保护区植物组成、地理成分进行了研究。结果显示:保护区共有维管植物62科236属448种,其中蕨类植物2科2属3种,裸子植物1科1属4种,被子植物59科233属441种。藜科、菊科、禾本科、十字花科、豆科为优势科,所含属、种数占该保护区总数的49.15%和51.12%;属内种数的变化范围为1~13种,仅含1种的属最多,有144个,占总属数的61.02%。植物生活型组成多样,草本375种、灌木65种、乔木5种、藤本3种,分别占保护区总种数的83.71%、14.51%、1.12%和0.67%。植物群落组成简单,以梭梭群落(Form.Haloxylon ammodendron)、白梭梭群落(Form.Haloxylon persicum)为主,它们与超旱生、旱生灌木、小灌木、草本等组成荒漠植被。保护区种子植物60科可划分为4个分布区类型和7个变型,以温带地理成分为主(14科),占保护区非世界分布的56.00%;234个属可划分为12个分布区类型和12个变型,其中北温带分布及其变型73属,占保护区非世界分布的37.44%,地中海、中亚、东亚分布在此地交流融合,缺乏热带成分,具强烈的温带荒漠性质。

Species Composition and Floral Components of Vascular Plants in Ganjiahu Nature Reserve of Xinjiang

Based on field investigations and relevant literature, the flora and geographical compositions of vascular plants were studied in Ganjiahu Nature Reserve of Xinjiang. Results showed that there were 448 species of wild vascular plants, belonging to 236 genera and 62 families and including 2 families, 2 genera, and 3 species in Pteridophyta; 1 family, 1 genus, and 4 species in Gymnospermae; and 59 families, 233 genera, and 441 species in Angiospermae. There were 5 dominant families, Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae, Gramineae, Brassicaceae, Leguminosae, which accounted for 49.15% and 51.12% of genera and species, respectively. Species numbers in each genus varied from 1 to 13, though 61.02% of genera contained only 1 species. Life forms were diverse, with herbs (375), shrubs (65), trees (5) and vines (3) accounting for 83.71%, 14.51%, 1.12% and 0.67% of species, respectively. Plant community composition was simple and consisted of typical desert vegetation. Haloxylon ammodendron communities and Haloxylon persicum communities were the most important elements, with super-xerophytic shrubs, desert shrubs, small shrubs, and herbs also found. The 60 seed plant families could be classified into 4 areal-types and 7 subtypes. North temperate elements (14 families) were dominant, accounting for 56.00%. The 234 seed plant genera could be divided into 12 types and 12 subtypes. North temperate elements (73 genera) were dominant, accounting for 37.44%. Overall, the plants exhibited obvious temperate elements, with close affinity to the Mediterranean, Central Asia and East Asia, but limited tropical elements.