慈姑属植物的生态及进化生物学研究进展

慈姑属(Sagittaria L.)隶属于泽泻科,是世界广布的水生植物,其生境多样、叶形和繁殖表型复杂,进化地位较特殊,是生态和进化生物学研究较典型的材料。笔者在查阅相关慈姑属研究的大量文献的基础上,对前人研究的物种、探讨的问题及研究结果进行了归纳与总结:慈姑属物种存在广布种和濒危种,且个别物种的濒危现状可能与其生境条件相关;慈姑属的个别种类成为稻田入侵杂草,其竞争能力因慈姑种类及水稻栽培品种的不同而各异;环境对慈姑属植物有很强的塑造作用,不同环境还会造成慈姑所在的水生植物群落结构发生变化;慈姑属植物具有较高的遗传多样性;在繁殖方面,慈姑属植物体现出不同繁殖方式和两性功能的权衡,以及在繁育系统上从雌雄同株到雌雄异株的进化途径。本文还提出了相关研究存在的不足、研究中应注意的科学问题,并对慈姑属植物未来的研究方向提供了新思路。

Ecological and Evolutionary Studies on Sagittaria (Alismataceae)

The genus Sagittaria belongs to Alismataceae, of which many aquatic plants have worldwide distribution. The plants in Sagittaria live in diverse habitats, with complex phenotypic response to their environment (both vegetative and reproductive), and are basal lineages in monocots, which make them a good study system for ecologists and evolutionary biologists. Among all related studies on Sagittaria, this review generalized the species of interest, the questions being asked and their conclusions. Typically, there are both common and endangered species in this genus, and ecological factors probably account for the endangerment. Some Sagittaria species have become invasive weeds in areas of paddy fields;however, competitive ability seems variable depending on different rice cultivars. Environment plays a big role in shaping phenotypes and has a large effect on the community structure of aquatic systems with Sagittaria plants. There are relatively high levels of genetic variation in Sagittaria species. With regard to reproduction, the plants show tradeoffs between sexual and asexual reproduction, and between two gender functions. There is strong evidence in the evolutionary path from monoecy to dioecy in S. trifolia. In this review, we also mention the lack of research in certain areas, emphasize some methods and ideas, and point out future directions.