云南哀牢山地区森林附生维管植物多样性及区系特征

附生植物作为山地森林生态系统中重要的结构性成分,在维持森林生态系统生物多样性格局、水分和养分循环等方面发挥着重要作用。本文通过野外调查、标本查阅并结合相关文献,对云南哀牢山地区附生维管植物物种组成及分布进行了系统研究。结果显示,哀牢山地区附生维管植物共有23科83属218种,其中附生蕨类和兰科植物最丰富。附生蕨类有34属93种,以附生-石生蕨类生活型占优势,其中水龙骨科17属62种,占附生蕨类的66.67%,瓦韦属(Lepisorus)和石韦属(Pyrrosia)分别有13种和10种。附生兰科植物有26属65种,其中石斛属(Dendrobium)和石豆兰属(Bulbophyllum)分别有12种和8种。该地区附生维管植物属的分布具有明显的热带性质并以热带亚洲分布居多。附生植物生长于生境因子变化剧烈、资源有限的林冠,对环境变化敏感,极易遭受破坏且破坏后难以恢复,不少附生植物具有很高的药用、观赏等价值。因此,应加强对附生维管植物这一特殊类群的保护。

Diversity and floristic characteristics of vascular epiphytes in montane forests in the Ailao Mountains,Yunnan

Epiphytes are important and special interlayer plants in montane forest ecosystems, which play a key role in water balance and nutrient cycling of these ecosystems. This paper systematically studied the species composition and floristic characteristics of epiphytic vascular plants in the Ailao Mountains of Yunnan Province through field investigation, herbarium examination, and related literature review. Results showed that there were 23 families, 83 genera, and 218 species of vascular epiphytes in total. Epiphytic ferns were the most abundant taxa (34 genera and 93 species), with Polypodiaceae (17 genera and 62 species) accounting for 66.67% of these ferns. There were 13 species of Lepisorus and 10 species of Pyrrosia. Most ferns were epiphyte-lithophyte life forms. Orchidaceae (26 genera and 65 species) was the second most abundant taxa and included 12 species of Dendrobium and eight species of Bulbophyllum. Analysis of floristic characteristics at the genus level revealed that epiphytic flora in the Ailao Mountains showed obvious tropic features and was mainly of tropical Asian distribution. As epiphytes are sensitive to environmental change and highly vulnerable to injury, recovery can be difficult once they are damaged. Therefore, more attention should be paid to protect this special and important plant group.