濒危树种庙台槭种群数量特征及动态分析

庙台槭(Acer miaotaiense Tsoong)为我国三级保护植物,是秦岭特有的濒危树种,具有重要的经济价值和观赏价值。通过对庙台槭主要分布区野生资源进行调查,研究其种群的年龄结构、静态生命表、存活曲线和死亡曲线,用动态指数(Vpi、Vpi')和时间序列模型预测其种群发展趋势。结果显示,庙台槭种群幼龄个体多,中龄和老龄个体少,其生存曲线呈Deevey-Ⅲ型;静态生命表及相关曲线分析显示,庙台槭种群的存活率与径级表现出显著负相关,而种群死亡率曲线总体呈先下降后增加的趋势;种群数量动态分析显示,庙台槭种群整体结构处于增长型,在缺乏成年个体的情况下,种群对外部环境的抗干扰能力下降;时间序列预测发现,经过幼苗、幼树阶段,同一时间曲线的庙台槭种群数量在高径级所占比例略有增加,但高龄级个体相对较少;庙台槭分布地区的主要植被类型为落叶阔叶林和常绿阔叶林,但庙台槭个体受保护较少,人为活动及病虫害影响较大,天然更新困难,生存和保护状况不容乐观。

Population quantitative characteristics and dynamic analysis of the endangered plant Acer miaotaiense

As a third-class nationally protected plant, Acer miaotaiense Tsoong is a rare and endangered species in the Qinling Mountains of China, with important economic and ornamental value. Through investigation of the wild resources of the main distribution area of Acer miaotaiense, we studied the age structure, static life table and survival curve of the populations. Furthermore, dynamic index (V_pi,V_pi') and time series model was used to predict the development trend of the populations, thus providing the basis for formulating feasible protection strategies. To understand the growth performance of A.miaotaiense, corresponding protection measures were taken. Results showed that the survival curve of the A.miaotaiense population was Deevey-Ⅲ type, with more young individuals and fewer middle-aged and aging individuals; the static life table and correlative curve analysis demonstrated that the survival rate of the A.miaotaiense populations was significantly negatively correlated with diameter, while the population mortality curve showed an initially decreasing then increasing trend; dynamic analysis of the population quantity showed that the overall structure of the A.miaotaiense population was increasing, but the ability of the population to resist disturbance from the external environment decreased in the absence of adult individuals; time series prediction showed that the A.miaotaiense populations at the same time curve increased slightly at the high-level, and the number of older-aged individuals was relatively small. The main vegetation types were deciduous broad-leaved forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest. In the wild A.miaotaiense populations, the number of protected trees was very small, and they were greatly impacted by human activities, diseases, and insect pests. Few seedlings and natural regeneration were discovered, and the outlook is not good.