橡胶草90年来主要研究成果及最新研究进展

天然橡胶是重要的国防战略物质，巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis（Willd.ex A.Juss.） Muell.Arg）是天然橡胶的唯一来源，天然橡胶商业化形式极为单一，潜在的供给不足问题亟待解决。因此，寻找可替代巴西橡胶树的产胶植物一直受到全世界高度重视。蒲公英属橡胶草（Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin）根部含有与橡胶树橡胶类似的天然橡胶分子，该植物主要分布在温带和寒带地区，具有易于机械化收获、生长周期短、遗传转化相对容易等特点，是最具开发潜力的产胶植物。本文对橡胶草90年（1931-2018）来的研究历史和主要成果进行了概括，对近10年取得的最新成果进行了深度分析，并预测橡胶草在未来天然橡胶产业中的作用，期望为开展橡胶草商业化生产和橡胶生物合成相关基础研究提供一定的参考。

Recent progress in the study of rubber grass (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin) and main achievements over the past ninety years

Natural rubber is a critical resource for the national defense industry. The tropical para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell. Arg) is the only commercial source of natural rubber, and the commercialization forms are relatively single. Thus, the potential supply shortages need to be solved urgently, with particular attention on alternative rubber producing crops. The roots of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin (TKS) contain a high natural rubber content, with a similar molecular structure to that produced in the rubber tree. TKS is mainly distributed in temperate and cold zones and can easily be harvested by machine. Its life cycle is short, and genetic transformation is also relatively easy. Thus, TKS is considered a promising candidate for natural rubber production. This review summarized the development history and major achievements of previous studies on rubber grass over the past 90 (1931-2018) years. An in-depth analysis was performed to highlight new achievements from the past decade. We also predicted the future roles of TKS in the natural rubber industry. This review is expected to provide a useful reference and theoretical basis for further TKS research.