利用有性途径的植物转化

近年来 ,植物基因工程技术取得了重要进展 ,在农作物品种改良和育种方面发挥越来越重要的作用。然而 ,目前植物遗传转化所采用的受体系统 ,大都依赖于细胞组织培养技术才能获得转基因植株。其中 ,基因型限制和遗传变异是限制该技术发展和应用的两大障碍。因此 ,一些研究者试图避开组织培养和植株再生过程 ,利用植物有性生殖途径进行转化 ,并取得了一系列成果。这些方法包括以下方面 :(1 )利用花粉粒或花粉管作为转化DNA的载体 ;(2 )将外源DNA导入子房或胚珠中 ;(3 )以精、卵细胞、合子作为转化受体。这些方法利用了高等植物的有性生殖机制和胚胎发育过程 ,避免了无性繁殖过程中的遗传变异、植株再生困难及转基因植株嵌合等问题。该文归纳综合了该研究领域所取得的成果和最新进展 ,并对这些方法进行了评价及其发展趋势进行了分析。

Advance in plant transformation of using sexual route

Molecular genetic manipulations and plant biotechnology have become important improvements. Great success has been achieved with transformation of genetically modified crops in recent years. However, routine transformation of any given cultivar in a specie is not yet possible in both monocot and dicot species. Almost all methods of transformation published so far require regeneration of plants from transformed cells or tissues which is generally highly genotype-dependent and prone to somaclonal variation due to longtime culture process in vitro. Therefore, many investigators have tried to use sexual pathway for plant transformation. The methods include the following:⑴The use of pollens or pollen tubes as vectors of transforming DNA;⑵The introduction of exogenous DNA into ovules and ovaries;⑶The use of sperms,eggs and zygotes as targets for plant transformation. These approaches developed recently were reviewed in this paper.