木兰科植物组织培养技术研究进展

我国木兰科(Magnoliaceae)植物栽培历史悠久且种类丰富,具有很高的科研价值、观赏价值、生态价值与经济价值。但是,生境的破坏和自身繁殖能力的限制,使木兰科许多种的生存受到威胁。由于传统繁殖方式繁殖效率低下,而组织培养技术是推进木兰科种质资源保存及开发利用的有效途径,因此组织培养技术可以应用于濒危资源保护、育种和无性系苗木的商业化生产。木兰科植物的组织培养中无菌短枝扦插途径研究较多,体系已相对完善,一些种类的木兰科植物可以通过此途径得到生根苗; 而关于器官发生途径的研究相对较少,愈伤组织诱导困难及不定芽分化困难的问题仍没有得到有效解决,并且体细胞胚发生途径在国内鲜有研究。该文从无菌短枝扦插、器官发生、体细胞胚发生等不同再生途径出发,分析了外植体类型、培养基类型、生长调节剂浓度、培养条件等方面对离体生长的影响,归纳了组培过程中生根困难与褐化等技术问题与解决措施,展望了木兰科植物组织培养技术未来的研究方向,以期为木兰科植物的组培快繁技术研究提供理论依据和技术参考。

Advances in tissue culture techniques of Magnoliaceae

Magnoliaceae plants in China have a long history of cultivation and rich species of Magnoliaceae plants have high scientific, ornamental, ecological and economic values. However, the existence of many Magnoliaceae plants is threatened due to the limited self-reproductive capacity and habitat destruction. The traditional propagation method is inefficient. Tissue culture technology promotes the conservation and utilization of Magnoliaceae plants. It can be applied in the conservation of endangered resources, breeding and commercial production of clonal seedlings. There are many studies on the in vitro shoot propagation, and the system is relatively perfect. Some studies can achieve rooting seedlings through this way. However, there are few studies on organogenesis, and the problems of callus induction and adventitious bud differentiation have not been solved effectively. Also, there are few studies on the somatic embryogenesis in China. This paper reviewed the research on different regeneration ways of Magnoliaceae plants such as in vitro shoot propagation, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. The influences of explant selection, medium selection, growth regulator concentration and culture conditions on in vitro growth of Magnoliaceae plants were analyzed. Meanwhile, the paper summarized the problems and the solutions of rooting and browning, and prospected the future research directions. It will provide theoretical basis and technical reference for rapid propagation of Magnoliaceae plants.