深挖垦复对锥栗重要农艺性状及土壤理化性质的影响

为探索锥栗林地高效的土壤管理方式,提升我国锥栗栽培管理技术水平,进而提高其产量、品质以及经济效益。该研究采用全垦和环垦两种方式对锥栗林地进行连续4年的深挖垦复,通过测定垦复前后土壤理化性质变化以及锥栗树体生长、叶片表型和生理特征、结果性状、产量及品质等重要农艺性状,统计数据并进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)深挖垦复对锥栗林地土壤理化性质改善效果显著,两种垦复方式土壤容重较垦复前降低31.21%及以上(0～30 cm处),土壤含水率、土壤孔隙度、有机质含量以及各种大量元素含量较垦复前和对照均有不同程度的增加,土壤肥力及其保水保肥能力显著增强。(2)环垦区土壤有机质含量、有效磷含量以及交换性镁含量高于全垦区,其土壤有机质含量较垦复前增加40.59%,远高于全垦增加幅度(17.76%),从土壤保肥能力的角度来看,环垦效果优于全垦。(3)土壤肥力的提升增强了其对锥栗叶片的供肥能力,使得叶片含水率、叶绿素含量以及各种矿质元素含量显著增加,从而提升其光合作用能力。(4)深挖垦复对锥栗树体生长、结实能力、产量及品质同样具有显著的提升效果,其中全垦和环垦区单位面积产量分别是对照的1.75倍和1.33倍,且栗苞总重、单果质量、出籽率、可溶性糖含量以及磷、钾元素含量显著高于对照,而空苞率显著低于对照。综上,深挖垦复是改良林地土壤和提高锥栗生产力的有效举措。

Effects of deep digging and reclamation on important agronomic traits of Castanea henryi and soil physical and chemical properties

To explore the efficient soil management mode of Castanea henryi forest, enhance the cultivation and management level of C. henryi, and further improve its yield, quality and economic benefits. Two ways of whole area reclamation and ring area reclamation were used to carry out deep digging and reclamation for C. henryi woodland soil four years. The changes of soil physical and chemical properties before and after reclamation, the tree growth, leaf phenotype and physiological characteristics, fruiting, yield and quality of C. henryi were measured, and the statistical data were compared and analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)The effect of deep excavation on soil physical and chemical properties of C. henryi forest was remarkable. Soil bulk density of the two reclamations were increased by 31.21% and more(0-30 cm), and the soil moisture content, soil porosity, organic matter content and various macroeliement content were increased in different degrees, soil fertility and its ability to maintain water and fertilizer had been enhanced significantly.(2)The soil organic matter content, available phosphorus content and exchangeable magnesium content in the ring reclamation area were higher than those in the whole reclamation area, and the soil organic matter content of ring reclamation increased by 40.59% compared with that before reclamation, which was far higher than that of whole reclamation(17.76%). Those indicated that the effect of ring reclamation was better than that of whole reclamation form the view of soil fertilizer reservation ability.(3)The improvement of soil fertility enhanced its fertilizer supply ability to the chestnut leaves, and the water content, chlorophyll content and various mineral elements contents of leaves were increased significantly, thus enhancing its photosynthesis ability.(4)Deep digging and reclamation also had significant improvement effects on the tree growth, fruiting ability, yield, chestnut weight and its nutritional quality, thereinto, the yield per unit area of whole reclamation and ring reclamation were 1.75 times and 1.33 times as much as the control respectively, and the total weight of chestnut bract, nut weight, seed rate, soluble sugar content, phosphorus and potassium content were significantly higher than the control, while the percentage of empty bracts were significantly lower than the control. In summary, deep digging and reclamation is an effective measure to improve woodland soil and improve productivity of C. henryi.