落瓣油茶染色体核型的分析

<正> 山茶属植物约220种,其中报道过:染色体计数的约50种,报道过染色体核型的近10种。作者继浙江红山茶(Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu)、南山茶(C.semiserrata Chi)、白花南山茶C.semiserrata var.albiflora Hu et Huang)和茶梨C.octopetala Hu)之后,对落瓣油茶(C.kissii Wall.)进行染色体计数和核型分析,旨在为油茶育种工作和探索山茶属内的系统发育提供细胞学资料。

KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS OF CAMELLIA KISSII WALL.

Camellia kissii Wall., an economic tree nowadays used as an oil-bearing crop, was investigated cytologically, and the number of somatic chromosomes in root tip cell was found to be 2n = 30 (Fig.1), in accord with those reported by Janaki Animal and Kondo. According to the chromosomal classification of Levan and al. , Kato and al the karyotype formula of the species are therefore K(2n) = 30 = 22m + 4sm + 4st. and K(2n)=30 = 22V + 8J respectively. But ploidy of 2n = 60(4x) and 75(5x) (Fig. 4) have occasionally been observed as is often the case with C. yuhsinensis Hu and C. japonica.Taxonomieally C. kissii (Sect. Psracamellia Sealy) as well as C. chekiango-leosa Hu and C. semiserrata Chi (Sect. Camellia) belong to Subgenus Camellia. It is interesting to note that the somatic compliments of all these species with two pairs of chromosomes possessing secondary constrictions. But species otherwise than Subgenus Camellia have not yet been found to have chromosomes with secondary constrictions. This suggests that the above species are phylogenetically closely related and appears on cytolgieal grounds to be well placed in the same subgenus.