播种季节和种植方式对多年生苦荞主要农艺性状的影响

该研究选取六个多年生苦荞新品系,对春季、秋季直播与秋季再生其主要农艺性状进行调查。结果表明:(1)不同播种季节对多年生苦荞新品系主花序的花粉可育率、总结实率、有效结实率、植株株高、主茎粗、主茎分枝数、主茎节数、籽粒百粒重、单株粒数、单株产量的影响均达到显著或极显著水平;秋播主花序花粉可育率、总结实率、有效结实率、植株主茎分枝数、籽粒百粒重、单株粒数、单株产量均极显著高于春播;植株株高、主茎粗、主茎节数均极显著低于春播;主花序花朵大小、籽粒种子长宽比无显著差异。(2)不同种植方式对主花序花粉可育率、有效结实率、植株主茎节数及籽粒百粒重的影响达到显著或极显著水平;秋季再生主花序花粉可育率、籽粒单株粒数显著高于秋季直播;主花序有效结实率、植株主茎粗、主茎节数、籽粒百粒重显著低于秋季直播;主花序花朵大小、总结实率、植株株高、主茎分枝数、籽粒种子长宽比、单株产量无显著差异;相关分析表明,各生长季节下主花序有效结实率及单株粒数与单株产量的相关系数均最高。(3)所有参试品系中,1612-241秋季直播的单株产量显著高于其他品系; 1612-16、1612-33秋季再生单株产量较正季优势显著。该研究结果有助于筛选出适宜一季播种两季收获的优良品系,为今后多年生苦荞的选择育种提供线索基础。

Effects of sowing seasons and planting methods on main agronomic traits of perennial tartary buckwheat

In order to study the effects of sowing seasons and planting methods on the main agronomic traits of perennial tartary buckwheat, six new perennial tartary buckwheat lines(Fagopyrum tatari-cymosum)were selected to investigate the main agronomic traits under seed sowing and autumn regeneration. The results were as follows:(1)The effects of different sowing seasons on pollen fertility, total seed set, effective rate of seed set, plant height, main stem diameter, main stem branching number, main stem node number, 100-grain weight, grain number per plant and yield of main inflorescence of new perennial tartary buckwheat lines reached signi-ficant or extremely significant level. Fertility rate of main inflorescence, total seed set, effective rate of seed set, number of branches of main stem, 100-grain weight, grain number per plant and yield per plant under autumn sowing were extremely significantly higher than those under spring sowing; Plant height, diameter of main stem and number of nodes of main stem under autumn sowing were extremely significantly lower than those under spring sowing; There was no significant differences in the size of main inflorescence flowers and the ratio of length to width of ten grains.(2)The effects of different planting methods on pollen fertility and effective rate of seed set on main inflorescence, number of main stem nodes and 100-grain weight of plant reached signi-ficant or extremely significant level; The fertility rate of regeneration main inflorescence pollen and the grain number per plant in autumn are significantly higher than those of autumn sowing; The effective rate of seed set on main inflorescence, the diameter of main stem, number of main stem nodes and 100-grain number of plant are significantly lower than those of autumn sowing. There are no significant differences in the size of main inflorescence flowers, the total seed set, plant height, number of main stem branches, length-width ratio of grain and yield per plant; The correlation analysis showed that there were the highest correlation coefficient between the effective rate of seed set of main inflorescence and grain number per plant with yield per plant in each growing season.(3)Among all the tested lines, the autumn sowing yield per plant of 1612-241 was significantly higher than that of other lines, and the autumn regeneration yield per plant of 1612-16 and 1612-33 were significantly higher than that of the normal season. The results of this study are helpful to obtain the best lines suitable for sowing on one season and harvesting in two seasons, and provide clues for the perennial tartary buckwheat breeding in the future.