北黄花菜的开花物候及传粉特性研究

北黄花菜是百合科萱草属的优秀观赏植物材料,也是进行品种创新的极有价值的野生种质资源。该研究对野生环境中北黄花菜的开花物候与传粉特性进行了连续三年的追踪观测,探讨其开花进程和传粉机制。结果表明:(1)北黄花菜种群的开花物候只有1个高峰期; 种群始花时间为5月末,盛花期为6月中旬,开花时间在30 d以上,单株花期为6～12 d; 开花同步性指数(S_i)分别为0.36、0.27和0.21,种群内个体开花时间重叠程度较低。(2)北黄花菜的开花数量与坐果数呈显著正相关(P<0.05),坐果数与单株花期长度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),单株花期长度与始花时间呈显著负相关(P<0.05),表明北黄花菜开花数量越多,其坐果数越高。(3)北黄花菜的访花昆虫分属于4目10科共10种; 各访花昆虫的访花时间和行为区别较大; 主要的传粉昆虫有4种,其活动范围大,活动特点与北黄花菜午后开放的规律相匹配,能保证传粉效果; 部分访花昆虫虽然活动范围小,但可以帮助植物进行自花授粉; 两类访花昆虫的共同作用,使得北黄花菜的自然结实得到较大保障。上述结果可为北黄花菜的引种栽培和资源创新发挥实际作用。

Flowering phenology and pollination characteristics of Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus

Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus is an excellent ornamental plant material, belongs to Hemerocallis of Liliaceae, and it is also a valuable wild germplasm resource for variety innovation. In this paper, the flowering phenology and pollination characteristics of H. lilioasphodelus in the wild environment were observed for 3 consecutive years to understand its flowering process and pollination mechanism. In order to play a practical role in introduction cultivation and variety innovation. The results were as follows:(1)There is only one flowering peak for H. lilioasphodelus population. The initial blooming time of population at the end of May, full flowering stage in the middle of June, the flowering duration of the H. lilioasphodelus population lasted above 30 d and the duration of a single plant was about 6-12 d. The flowering synchrony index in three years were 0.36, 0.27 and 0.21, respectively, there was little cephalocaudal underlapping of single plant flowering time.(2)The flower number was significantly correlated(P<0.05)with the fruit number, the flower number was significantly positive correlation(P<0.01)with the duration of single plant, the duration of single plant was significantly negative correlated(P<0.05)with initial blooming time. It indicates that the more flower number of H. lilioasphodelus lead the higher fruit number.(3)There were totally ten species of insect visitors which visited flowers belonging to four orders and ten families. The flower visiting time and behavior of each insect visitor are different and there are four main pollination insects. The main pollination insect have the large number and wide range of activities. Meanwhile its activity characteristics were matched with the law of the opening of H. lilioasphodelus in the afternoon, which can ensure the pollination effect. The interaction of two types of insect visitors guaranteed the seed set of H. lilioasphodelus.