银杏大小年结果植株叶片的营养元素比较研究

对银杏大、小年结果植株的不同部位的水分及N、P、K等矿质营养元素含量的月变化进行监测,并比较其差异。结果表明,在银杏的年生长周期内,大年结果植株体内比小年结果植株体内含有较足够的水分及N、P、K等矿质营养元素,能稳而均匀地供应植株各器官的生长发育;大年结果植株果叶的N、P营养元素的年平均含量高于一年生和二年生营养叶,而小年结果植株的果叶的N、P营养元素的年平均含量高于一年生营养叶,低于二年生营养叶;大、小年的一年生营养叶的N,二年生营养叶的水分和果叶的P及种子硬核期前后果叶的K含量及P/N,K/N比差异显著。因此,可采取科学的水肥管理方法,在大年过后,落叶以前,及时补充种子所消耗和带走的营养物质,维持植株体内的养分平衡,恢复树势,克服大小年结果现象。

Study on the nutritive elements in different organs of Ginkgo biloba about high-yield and low-yield year

The monthly variation of the contents of H_2O,N,P and K in different organs of Ginkgo biloba L.were surveyed. The results indicated that there were enough water,N,P and K and they smoothly and equalityly supply to their different organ for meeting their growth in high-yield plant than low-yield plant during the annual growth peoriod;The contents of N and K of the fruit leaves were higher than annual and biennial nutritive leaves in high-yield plant,and the contents of N and K of the fruit leaves were higher than annual nutritive leaves and were lower than biennial nutritive leaves in low-yield plant;And the content of N in annual nutritive leaves,H_2O in biennial nutritive leaves,P and K in fruit leaves,and the proportion of P/N and K/N of the fruit leaves in the stone hardening stage of the seeds were very different between the high-yield and low-yield plant. So we should supply the water,N,P and K nutrients in good time, right amount and propotion after gainning high yield and before defollage in order to mantain the balances of water and nutritive material in plant body and overcome the phenomenon of high-yield and low-yield year .