湖南茶叶植物资源的评价

对城步峒茶、江华苦茶、汝城白毛茶和云台山种等湖南茶叶植物资源的主要化学成分、光合特性和生产性状进行了研究。结果表明，茶多酚与儿茶素含量从高到低依次为汝城白毛茶、江华苦茶、城步峒茶、云台山种；各资源的游离氨基酸、茶氨酸和咖啡碱含量均为正常水平；汝城白毛茶属高茶多酚资源，它所含生物碱的组成方式与毛叶茶龙门模式种不同，虽可可碱和茶叶碱含量比茶种高，但仍以咖啡碱为主。在阴天阴凉条件下的净光合速率为汝城白毛茶＞城步峒茶＞江华苦茶＞云台山种，净光合速率与光量子通量、叶面温度呈极显著正相关，与气孔阻力呈极显著负相关，相关系数分别为０９２７８、０９１１５和－０８９３７。在晴天高温度强光条件下，净光合速率为云台山种＞城步峒茶＞江华苦茶＞汝城白毛花，净光合速率与光量子通量、叶面温度和气孔阻力都呈极显著负相关，相关系数分别为－０９１６５、－０９３２８、－０９０３１。在主要生产性状中，汝城白毛茶能安全通过－６℃的低温，在高茶多酚资源中，抗寒性突出，是选育红茶良种的一个非常有益的关键性状。

Evaluation of tea resources in Hunan province

The chemical components, photosynthetic characteristics and productive properties of Camellia sinensis var. assamica cv. duntsa (A) , Camellia sinensis var. assamica cv. jianghua (B), Camellia ptilophylla (C) and Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (D) of Hunan tea resources were studied. The results were as follows: The contents of tea polyphenols and catechins were C>B>A>D. The contents of amino acids, theanine and caffeine were all normal. Camellia ptilophlla was a tea resource with high content of tea polyphenols; the alkaloids of the type were different from that of Longmen; the main alkaloid was caffeine, meanwhile the contents of theobromine and theophylline were more than C. sinensis var. sinensis. The net photosynthetic rate was C>A>B>D in cloudy weather conditions; it presented a most significant correlation with light quantum flux and leaf temperature, and did a most significant negetive correlation with stomatal resistance; the related coefficients were 0927 8, 0911 5 and -0897 3 respectively. The net photosynthetic rate was D>A>B>C under high-temperature and strong-sunlight weather conditions; the net photosynthetic presented a most significant negative relation with light quantum flux, leaf temperature and stomatal resistance; the related coefficients were -0916 5, -0932 8 Camellia ptilophylla was safe at -6℃, that was a very useful crux productive property in breeding inproved variety for black tea with the outstanding winter resistance among tea resources with high content of tea polyphenols.