机插秧水稻物质生产与养分积累特性研究

为明确机插水稻的物质生产与养分积累特性,该研究以早季和晚季水稻常规品种(珍桂矮和新香粘)为材料进行大田试验,设置机插秧(行距30 cm×株距12 cm)、手插秧(行距30 cm×株距12 cm)、手抛秧(27.75万蔸·hm~(-2))三种栽培方式。在水稻抽穗期测定各处理叶面积指数,在分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期分别测定各处理干物质积累量,氮、磷、钾养分积累量及成熟期稻谷产量。结果表明:在同一单位面积栽植密度条件下,早晚两季、机插秧水稻在抽穗期的叶面积指数与手插秧水稻、手抛秧水稻间并无显著差异,机插秧水稻成熟期干物质,氮、磷、钾养分积累量等方面与手插秧、手抛秧水稻无显著差异,但其前期积累的干物质及养分积累量较少,后期积累量较大。早晚两季机插秧水稻、手插秧水稻和手抛秧水稻的产量分别是7.73、7.62、6.70 t·hm~(-2)和5.91、5.97、5.90 t·hm~(-2),都未表现出显著差异。这表明机插秧水稻的产量潜力、干物质和养分积累潜力与手插秧、手抛秧水稻的差异较小,但其物质积累过程与手插秧、手抛秧水稻存在明显差异。

Dry matter and nutrient accumulation characteristics of machine-transplanting rice

Field experiments about conventional rice varieties(Zhenguiai and Xinxiangzhan)in Wuming District of Nanning City were conducted in early and late seasons of 2014 to find out the dry matter and nutrient accumulation characteristics of machine-transplanting rice. Three different cultivation modes, i.e. machine-transplanting and hand-planting rice with spacing 30 cm × 12 cm, and hand-throwing rice with 277 500 per hectare, three replicates. Each hole controls 3-4 seedlings. We measured leaf area index at heading stage, the dry matter, nutrient accumulation of tillering, elongation, heading, maturation stages and grain yield maturation stage. The results were as follows: Under the same unit area planting density condition, the leaf area index at heading stage and dry matter, N, P and K nutrient accumulations and grain yields at maturation stages of machine-transplanting rice in both two seasons had no significant differences with hand-planting rice and hand-throwing rice. However, machine-transplanting rice indicated less dry matter and nutrient accumulation during earlier period, but greater during later period. Yeild of machine-transplanting rice, hand-planting rice, hand-throwing rice were 7.73, 7.62, 6.70 t·hm^-2 in early season and 5.91, 5.97, 5.90 t·hm^-2 in late season, but all showed no significant difference. The conclusions showed that machine-transplanting rice indicated no obvious differences on dry matter, nutrient accumulation, and yield potential with hand-planting rice and hand-throwing rice, but obvious differences on dry matter and nutrient accumulation process.