蕉肥间作下微喷灌对蕉园土壤水氮动态及香蕉产量的影响

为研究香蕉—粮肥兼用绿豆间作模式(简称蕉肥间作)下微喷灌对蕉园土壤水氮动态及香蕉产量的影响,试验设置4种不同灌溉定额处理:MSI2(900 m~3·hm~(-2))、MSI3(1 350 m~3·hm~(-2))、MSI4(1 800 m~3·hm~(-2))、MSI5(2 250 m~3·hm~(-2)),以不灌溉和清耕栽培为对照。结果表明:蕉肥间作下绿豆生长期间各灌溉处理土壤棵间蒸发量均呈不同程度的下降,香蕉清耕栽培MSI0土壤棵间蒸发量呈上升趋势。随着灌水量的增加,香蕉棵间蒸发量逐渐增高,MSI5棵间累积蒸发量最高达385.6 mm,分别比MSI2、MSI3、MSI4高12.2%、7.6%、4.9%,导致灌溉水利用效率降低。微喷灌处理提高表层土壤含水量,MSI2、MSI3、MSI4和MSI5处理0～30 cm土层含水量显著高于MSI0和MSI1,在30 cm以下,土壤含水量开始递减。微喷灌还可改善土壤耕层结构,提高土壤有效氮含量。以MSI2处理土壤三相比(2∶1∶1)较为理想,MSI3处理表土层有效氮含量最高。MSI4处理产量高达48 218 kg·hm~(-2),MSI3处理蕉果含糖量高达25.67%。因此,蕉肥间作下通过微喷灌方式,适量灌溉有利于提高香蕉产量和改善品质。

Effects of micro-sprinkler irrigation on soil water and nitrogen and yield under banana- mung bean intercropping

Banana is a tropical herb, and it is in great demand for water. Micro-sprinkler irrigation is an important water-saving irrigation method, which is widely used in modern banana production. Green manure is the essence of traditional agriculture. Banana intercropping green manure is conducive to the utilization of light and heat space resources and soil improvement. In this study, we intercropped bananas with grain and green beans, used micro sprinkler irrigation(MSI)mode, and set four different irrigation quotas: MSI2(900 m³·hm^-2), MSI3(1 350 m³·hm^-2), MSI4(1 800 m³·hm^-2), MSI5(2 250 m³·hm^-2), with no irrigation and clean cultivation as control, to learn the effects of water and nitrogen and yield under micro-sprinkler irrigation. The results showed that during the growth of mung bean, the banana evaporation of different irrigation treatments decreased in different degrees, while the evaporation of the clean cultivation mode(MSI0)was found a trend of rising. With the increase of irrigation amount, the banana evaporation in banana and green manure intercropping systems gradually increased, resulting in reduced water use efficiency. The cumulative soil evaporation of MSI5 was 385.6mm, which was 12.2%, 7.6%, 4.9% higher than that of MSI2, MSI3 and MSI4 respectively. Micro-sprinkler irrigation can improve the surface soil moisture content, which the soil moisture content of MSI2, MSI3, MSI4, MSI5 under 0-30 cm soil layer was significantly higher than those of MSI0 and MSI1, while below 30 cm, soil moisture began to decrease. Micro-sprinkler irrigation under banana-mung bean intercropping could ameliorate the structure of tillage, and enhance soil fertility. Three-phase ratio(2:1:1)of 900 m³·hm^-2(MSI2)was the ideal pattern, the topsoil available nitrogen content of 1 350 m³·hm^-2(MSI3)was the highest, the highest yield of MSI4 reached 48 218 kg·hm^-2, and the optimal sugar content of MSI3 was up to 25.67%. From the above, it can be seen that appropriate irrigation is conducive to the improvement of banana soil habitat and increasing yield under banana-mung bean intercropping.