鱼藤属植物优异物种筛选及引种栽培研究

为了解粉垄“145”模式在新植蔗上的应用效果，解析其生理生态基础，该研究以桂柳05136为材料，设置常规耕作(CK)和粉垄“145”模式(FL145)2个处理，通过大田试验研究粉垄“145”模式对土壤性质以及新植蔗农艺性状、光合特性和产量品质的影响，并分析其经济效益。结果表明：(1)与CK相比，FL145的0～20 cm、20～40 cm根区，土壤容重显著降低1.25%～5.98%,土壤孔隙度显著提高1.08%～4.77%,土壤含水量显著提高1.78%～8.23%。(2)FL145促进新植蔗根系生长，出苗效果和农艺性状表现良好，株高显著增加2.20%～7.86%。(3)FL145的新植蔗单株叶面积显著增大15.88%,叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度分别显著提高1.41%、6.84%、18.67%、10.06%,光合能力增强，单株干物质积累量显著增加9.26%。(4)收获时，FL145的新植蔗有效茎数、茎长、茎径显著增加，理论产量和实际产量分别显著提高5.07%和5.11%,蔗汁蔗糖分和锤度分别显著提高1.61%和1.50%,还原糖分显著下降12....

Screening the excellent species of genus Derris and studies on its induction and cultivation

Derris Lour., widely distributed in Southwest China, has promising development and utilization values as a raw material source of biopesticide rotenone. In order to explore germplasm resources with high rotenone content and excellent agronomic traits, and to promote the cultivation of Derris and the development of rotenone industry, we collected 14 Derris species and measured their rotenone contents through a resource survey in South China and Vietnam, and focused on seedling breeding and artificial cultivation technology for two Derris species with high rotenone content. The results were as follows:(1)All 14 Derris species could be successfully grown in Guilin, Derris elliptica and Derris montana with high rotenone content were selected for further research.(2)Both of the cutting survival rate of the two Derris plants were more than 95%; the rotenone was mainly concentrated in plant roots, rotenone content of thick roots was higher than that of thin roots, rotenone content in the xylem was higher than that in the phloem.(3)The highest rotenone content reached 14.12% for D. elliptica and 6.75% for D. montana, rotenone content of the two Derris plants were fluctuated with seasons, rose rapidly from the sprouting period of the plants in spring and maintained at high levels thereafter. All these results indicate that both D. elliptica and D. montana have high exploitation value, and the latter grow more rapidly and has higher yield compared with D. elliptica.