EMS对三个玉米自交系的诱变效应分析

EMS诱变玉米花粉是玉米化学诱变的主要技术。该研究以生产上3个常用的玉米自交系K305、21-ES、R08为材料,对其花粉用不同浓度的EMS诱变处理,探讨其EMS诱变的最佳浓度范围,明确其诱变效应。结果表明：3个自交系经过不同浓度的EMS诱变后,其结实率随着浓度的增大表现出减小的趋势,从其半致死剂量来看,EMS诱变花粉的适宜浓度范围自交系K305和R08均为0.67~1.0 mL?L-1,21-ES在1.67 mL?L-1附近。 M1代不同性状其变异幅度和变异系数与对照相比主要表现出增大的趋势,其不同性状的生物学效应在材料间表现不一致,表明性状在不同材料间对EMS的敏感性不一样,生育期表现为21-ES>K305>R08；主要株型性状表现为R08>21-ES>K305；主要雄穗性状K305和21-ES比R08敏感；主要果穗性状表现为21-ES>K305>R08。 M2代整体表现为变异谱扩大,其株高、穗位高和叶面积以及主要果穗性状的变异表现复杂,主要雄穗性状中除K305的M2株系雄穗分枝数呈双向变异外,其余M2株系整体偏向于雄穗变短,雄穗分枝数减小。该研究结果为后续研究和应用打下了基础。

Analysis on mutagenic effects of EMS on three maize inbred lines

For now, as a main chemical technology EMS is applied to create the mutagenesis in higher plant. In this study, we determined the optimum concentration of EMS for creating the mutations using three inbred lines of maize K305, R08, 21-ES as the materials, by treating the maize pollens with the different concentrations of EMS. The results showed that the seed setting rate decreased with the increasing of EMS concentration, for the half lethal dose, the optimal concentrations of EMS for K305 and R08 were 0.67-1.0 mL·L^-1, for 21-ES was 1.67 mL·L^-1 respectively. The analysis of biological effects in M_l generation showed that the variation rangs and variation coefficients of the different traits were improved, and the biological effects of different traits had different performances in the three inbred lines, which indicated that the different traits of the different materials had variable sensitivities in the different concentrations of EMS, sensitivity of the growth period was 21-ES>K305>R08, sensitivity of the plant type traits was R08>21-ES>K305; sensitivity of tassel traits was K305>21-ES>R08, sensitivity of the main ear traits was 21-ES>K305>R08. The analysis of mutagenic effects in M₂ generation showed that general mutation spectrum was expanded, variation of plant height, ear height, leaf area and the main ear characters performed widely. The main tassel traits were two-way variation except for branch number in K305 M₂ strains. This study provides the foundation for the further research and application.