The effect of semi-natural habitats on aphids and their natural enemies across spatial and temporal scales |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Toulouse, INP-ENSAT, BP 32607, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France;2. INRA, UMR 1201 DYNAFOR, BP 52627, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France;3. INRA, UMR 1248 AGIR, BP 52627, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France;4. CIRAD, UPR 102, 34398 Montpellier, France;1. University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute of Environmental Science, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany;2. Agroscope, Reckenholzstr. 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland;3. Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Institute of Life Sciences, Via Santa Cecilia 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy;1. College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China;2. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China;1. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China;2. Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;3. INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France;1. Agroecology, Georg-August University, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;2. Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, AGROTECNIO Center, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain;3. MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group, Pázmány P. s. 1c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;4. Institute for Environmental Science, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany;5. Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 102, 1525 Budapest, Hungary;6. Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany;1. CSIRO, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia;2. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Uppsala 75007, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | Semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes are generally assumed to enhance the biological control of insect pests based on native beneficial insects, by providing alternative prey and hosts, resources and refuges for overwintering. We hypothesized that natural enemies of winter wheat aphids should arrive sooner in fields near semi-natural habitats. We compared aphid, hoverfly (larvae and eggs) and parasitized aphid (mummies) abundances in 54 winter wheat fields located in southern France from 2003 to 2007. Six surveys were recorded each spring and were split into the early period (defined as the period before the peak of aphid growth) and the late period (after the peak). The wheat fields differed by their surrounding landscape composition measured as the proportion of semi-natural habitats (woods, hedges and grasslands), at three different spatial scales: 200 m, 500 m, and 1200 m. Despite great variability in abundance data between years, the abundance of hoverflies appeared more sensitive to landscape composition than aphid abundance was. Early abundance for both aphids and hoverflies was positively related to wood cover, but not late abundance in spring. The abundance of hoverflies was positively related to hedge and grassland cover at all spatial scales and both periods considered. Aphid parasitism was higher near hedges at the small spatial scale late in the spring. Our results confirmed that higher proportions of semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes enhance the biological control of pests, but this effect depends on the spatial scale, the time period in the spring and the natural enemies considered. |
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| Keywords: | Biocontrol Landscape Seasonality Aphid Hoverfly Parasitism |
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