苦杏仁精油的熏蒸杀虫活性研究

采用三角瓶密闭熏蒸法测定了苦杏仁精油对家蝇、白纹伊蚊、粘虫以及玉米象的熏蒸杀虫活性,结果显示:苦杏仁精油对各试虫均有较强的熏蒸杀虫活性,其中含HCN的精油对家蝇、白纹伊蚊、粘虫以及玉米象的LC50分别为3.09、0.63、4.63、12.03μL/L;除去HCN的精油对家蝇、白纹伊蚊、粘虫以及玉米象的LC50分别为3.53、0.52、4.08、23.46μL/L;熏蒸的时间效应试验结果表明,含有HCN的苦杏仁精油和不含HCN的苦杏仁精油对供试试虫的熏杀速度均较快,其中白纹伊蚊的反应最快,其次为家蝇、粘虫、玉米象.除玉米象外苦杏仁精油中所含的微量HCN对试虫的熏蒸活性影响不大,且2种处理的精油对同种试虫的致死中时差别范围不超过10 min.实验结果表明,苦杏仁精油可作为新型的杀虫活性物质,为苦杏仁精油作为植物源杀虫剂提供了依据.

The Fumigating Activity of Bitter Almond Oil for Insects

The fumigation effect of the essential oil of bitter almond on insects was reported in this artical.The results show that bitter almond oil have strong fumigation activity against two kinds of domestic pests(Musca domestica vicina and Aedes albopictus),one kind of stored grain insects(Sitophilus zeamais) and one kind of agricultural insect(Mythirmna separata).The results of contrastive tests indicated hydrogen cyanide had little influence on fumigation activity.The toxicity order of bitter almind oil on the pests is Aedes albopictus,Musca domestica vicina,Mythimna separata Walker and Sitophilus zeamais Mots.Bitter almond oil contain HCN and without HCN had little influence on fumigation activity for pests except Sitophilus zeamais,and the range of LT50 difference between two kinds of oil on the pests is not more than 10 min.The results demonstrated that bitter almond oil can be a new botanical pesticide.