29个蔷薇属植物的孢粉学研究

采用扫描电镜技术对蔷薇属25个种及4个月季品种的花粉形态进行观察分析,探讨单叶亚属及蔷薇亚属中的芹叶组、合柱组、桂味组、月季组及月季品种之间的亲缘关系。研究表明:(1)所有被测样品的花粉都为具三孔沟的N3P4C5型单粒花粉,形状包括近球形、长球形及超长球形,其中大部分都为极轴较长的超长球形,以小檗叶蔷薇(P/E=2.29)最长。(2)在疏花蔷薇、托木尔蔷薇以及重瓣黄刺玫中发现有花粉二型现象。(3)被测样品外壁纹饰主要包括条纹、孔穴-条纹及近孔网纹3类,条纹类型主要出现在芹叶组中,而孔穴-条纹类型则为蔷薇属植物较普遍的纹饰。(4)聚类分析表明,小檗叶蔷薇与其它种亲缘较远,被测月季品种与月季组关系较近,芹叶组与合柱组关系较近,桂味组中的弯刺蔷薇与其他蔷薇的纹饰有明显区别,被单独分开。

Pollen Morphology Analysis of 29 Rosa Germplasm

Pollen morphology of 25 wild Rosa species and 4 rose cultivars were studied to analyze the genetic relationships among Subgen. Hulthemia, Sect. Pimpinellifolia, Sect. Synstylae, Sect. Cinnamomeae, Sect. Chinensis and cultivars. (1) The pollen type was N₃P₄C₅ model, that the equatorial view was ellipse, while the polar view was 3 labed rounded with 3 narrow operculums annularly distributed in equal space. The features of pollen grains were goniotreme, prolate and perprolate, most of which were perprolate with longer polar axis, especially Rosa beggeriana was the longest (P/E=2.29). (2) Exine sculpture were striate, perforate striate and reticulate perforate. (3) Striate ornamentation was mainly in Sect. Pimpinellifolia and perforate striate ornamentation was in most Rosa species. (4) Cluster analysis revealed that rose cultivars were closely genetic related with sect. Chinensis. Rosa berberifolia showed a long distant relative with other species. Meanwhile, Sect. Pimpinellifolia formed a branch with Sect. Synstylae. R. beggeriana showed significantly different in exine sculpture with other species of sect. Cinnamomeae.