唐家河国家级自然保护区药用植物资源及多样性特征分析

为探究四川盆地唐家河国家级自然保护区药用植物资源种类、分布状况及保护现状,为该区药用植物的有效保护和管理提供科学依据。该研究于2014至2017年采用覆盖全区的野外样线实地考察、照片收集、走访和查阅文献等方法,对唐家河自然保护区药用植物多样性进行分析。结果显示:(1)唐家河保护区药用植物130科399属602种,其中蕨类植物17科26属36种,裸子植物3科3属3种,被子植物110科370属563种。在种属构成多样性上,寡种科(2~5个种)优势明显,占总科数的40.77%,共有165种,占总种数的27.41%;单种属有284属,占总属数的71.18%。(2)在生活型多样性上,草本药用植物占有明显的优势,共有450种,占总种数的74.75%。(3)全草(全株)类、根与根茎类是唐家河药用植物的主要药用部位。(4)唐家河药用植物在植物区系上表现为以温带分布为主。研究表明:唐家河保护区药用植物种类丰富,药用植物生活型、部位、功效等类型多样,具有科研、保护和利用价值。

Analysis on Medicinal Plant Resources and Diversity Characteristics in the Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve

To understand the types, distribution and protection status in Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve of Sichuan Basin, we carried out a systematically investigation and hope to provide the scientific basis for effective protection and management on local medicinal plants. In this study, the diversity of medicinal plants was investigated by field survey, photo collection, questionnaire survey and literature review from 2014 to 2017. Results showed that: (1) totally 602 species of medicinal plants belonged to 399 genera and 130 families were found in Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve. Among them, there are 36 ferns species belonged to 26 genera and 17 families; 3 gymnosperms species belonged to 3 genera and 3 families; and 563 angiosperms species belonged to 370 genera and 110 families. Based on the diversity of species and genera, there are 165 species belonged to oligotypic family (2-5 species), which accounting for 40.77% of total number of families, and accounting for 27.41% of the total number of plant species. And 284 mono species genera were accounting for 71.18% of the total genera. (2) Based on the diversity of life forms, herbal medicinal plants (450 species) are dominated, accounting for 74.75% of the total number of species. (3) Whole grass (whole plant), root and rhizome are the main medicinal parts of Tangjiahe Medicinal Plants. (4) The medicinal plants in Tangjiahe are mainly distributed in temperate zone. Based on these study, Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve is rich in species of medicinal plants, with various types of growth types, organs, functions and flora of medicinal plants, which is valuable for scientific research, protection and utilization.