4种北极被子植物叶片显微结构和超微结构研究

以采自北极的4种被子植物(高山发草Deschampsia alpina、无茎蝇子草Silene acaulis、仙女木Dryasocto-petala,极柳Salix polaris)为材料,利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜,研究了它们叶片显微结构和超微结构.结果显示;(1)高山发草和无茎蝇子草的叶片为等面叶,仙女木和极柳为两面叶,无茎蝇子草和极柳叶肉中含有异细胞;(2)4种植物的细胞超微结构均具有叶绿体紧贴细胞壁分布、叶绿体基质中含有淀粉粒、线粒体紧密地围绕在叶绿体周围的特征,而且高山发草和无茎蝇子草的类囊体出现膨胀,无茎蝇子草和仙女木的细胞基质有大量囊泡,极柳叶绿体内膜附近存在周质网.研究表明,北极植物叶片的结构特点与南极植物和高山植物具有一定的相似之处,北极植物叶片的显微结构和超微结构特征更有利于其适应北极的极端环境.

Microstructure and Ultrastructure of Four Arctic Angiosperm Plant Leaves

The microstructure and ultrastructure of four arctic angiosperm plants (Deschampsia alpina,Silene acaulis,Dryas octopetala,Salix polaris) were investigated using light microscope and transmission electron microscope.The leaves of De.alpina and Si.acaulis were isobilateral,and D.octopetala and S.polaris were bifacial.The idioblasts appeared in the mesophyll of Si.acaulis and S.polaris.The ultrastructure of four plants had the same features included that the chloroplasts kept close to the cell wall and had starch granules;and were surrounded with mitochondrion.The thylakoids of De.alpina and Si.acaulis swelled.There were many vesicles in the cell stroma of Si.acaulis and D.octopetala.Peripheral reticulum appeared in the chloroplasts of S.polaris.The leaf features of the four angiosperm plants were compared with those of Antarctic and alpine plants in the present paper.The results showed that the leaf microstructural and ultrastructural features of the four arctic plants were considered in relation to the adaptations to the climate conditions in the Arctic.