小麦低温种质的器官结构特征

通过对小麦冠层温度的长期观测，发现自然界存在株温持续偏低的低温种质，与其相对应，也有株温持续偏高的高温种质存在。应用光学显微镜和电子显微镜研究了小麦低温种质叶片显微和超微结构，测量统计了叶肉细胞长度、单位面积叶肉细胞数目、单个叶肉细胞中的叶绿体数目、叶肉细胞层数和叶绿体基粒片层数。结果表明，低温小麦种质较高温种质叶肉细胞小，排列紧密，叶肉细胞层数较多；叶绿体数量多，叶绿体基粒片层丰富；叶片维管束密集；随着生育期向成熟趋近，叶肉细胞、叶绿体、籽粒腹沟区有色层细胞等结构衰老缓慢。

Characteristics of Organ Structures of Low-temperature Wheat Germplasm

Low temperature wheat germplasm with constantly low plant temperature as well as corresponding high-temperature wheat germplasm with constantly high plant temperature had been discovered to exist in the world of nature through the long time observation of the canopy temperature of wheat. Optical microscopy and electron microscopy were employed to study the mierostrueture and ultrastrueture of the leaves of low-temperature germplasm and measure or count the lengths of diaehyma cells, number of diachyma cells per unit leaf area, chloroplast number per diaehyma cell, the number of diaehyma cell layers and the number of granum lamella of low temperature wheat germplasm. The results showed that low-temperature wheat germplasm had many layers of small and closely arranged diachyma cells, a large number of chloroplasts containing plentiful of granum lamella, and highly serried vascular bundles; as it grew towards maturity, its structures such as diachyma cells, chloroplasts, and cells in the colored layers of seed ventral furrows aged slowly.