甘薯主要病毒病及脱毒对块根产量和品质的影响

1998～2000年利用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)方法对黄淮薯区1580份甘薯样品的测定结果表明：SPFMV和SPLV是普遍存在的两种主要甘薯病毒，感染幅度分别达到20．8％～100％和2．1%～90%，SPMMV，SPCEM，C-6，SPTSV病毒在上述部分地区存在．SPCSV病毒首次在国内检测出，感染率达到8．9%。同期的标准对比试验表明脱毒种薯可显著提高鲜薯产量和商品率，7个品种鲜薯平均增产38．4％，增产幅度11．3%～92．0%．商品率(薯块大中薯率)提高23．05％．但脱毒对薯块干物质含量无显著影响。山东30处调查结果分析表明脱毒种薯随代数的增加增产幅度逐步降低，脱毒后春、夏薯产量在前3年分别平均年降低5．8％和11．7%。

Major Viruses and Effect of Major Virus Diseases and Virus-Eliminating Meristem Culture on Sweetpotato Yield and Quality in China

1 580 entries of sweetpotato samples from three Provinces ,Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhuai were tested with ELISA method. The result showed that SPFMV and SPLV were the two popular viruses in Huang-huai sweetpotato production region of China which the infection rate ranged from (20.85)% to 100% and from 2.15% to 90%,respectively, and SPMMV, SPCEM, C-6 and SPTSV were also found in some region, and SPCSV was firstly detected in China and its infection rate reached 8.9%. The demonstrations done in the three Provinces using five popular varieties in 3 years showed that virus-free seeds could significantly which increase the yield and commercial rate and the average fresh yield increased by 38.4% from (11.3)% to 92.0% and the commercial rate increased by 23.05%; but virus-free seeds had no significant effect on dry matter content of storage roots.30-location survey in Shandong showed that with the years of planting the yield increased the rate of virus-free seed decreases, the annual decrease rate of spring and summer crop was 5.85% and 11.7%,respectively, in three years after virus-elimination.