中国黑戈壁地区植物区系及其物种多样性研究

黑戈壁是戈壁中最为干旱的区域,为了系统的研究其植被及物种多样性,该研究采用无人机航拍和实地调查的方法,对中国西北内陆的黑戈壁进行了分析研究。结果表明:(1)中国西北内陆的黑戈壁地区共记录植物154种,分属28科,85属;植物生活型组成简单,主要以灌木、半灌木及多年生草本植物为主,占植物物种比例的70%以上。(2)在植物物种组成方面,与整个荒漠区比较,黑戈壁地区物种数量少,但灌木所占比例远高于荒漠区。(3)黑戈壁地区植物科、属内物种组成贫乏,科内属、种数量比较多的为藜科、菊科、豆科等。(4)黑戈壁地区优势群落的建群种为红砂、盐生草、膜果麻黄等,中国特有植物为新疆沙拐枣、哈密黄蓍、胀果甘草等,主要国家保护植物有胡杨、裸果木、胀果干草等。(5)黑戈壁地区植物区系表征科主要为蒺藜科、蓼科、麻黄科等,而属的分布型以地中海区、西亚至中亚分布及北温带分布为主,占黑戈壁地区总属的47%以上,是群落组成的优势种和建群种。(6)与其他荒漠地区植物区系相比,黑戈壁地区植物旱生种比例增加,适应类型更为贫乏,缺乏特有成分,具有明显残遗性;由于特殊极端干旱环境,形成黑戈壁地区特殊植物类群和区系特征;黑戈壁地区是荒漠地区的区域特色植物物种资源和基因资源的重要区域和保存地,而黑戈壁生态系统非常脆弱,一旦破坏,将很难恢复。

Plant Species Diversity and Floral Characters in the Black Gobi Desert of China

The Black Gobi desert is the most arid regions in the dryland.The aim of this paper is to study the flora and its plant species diversity in the Black Gobi ecosystems by using the technique of pilotless aircraft and survey plots.The results showed that:(1)The life forms are relatively simple because of the low heterogeneity and poor soil and water conditions.154 plant species were listed in the Black Gobi desert,which belong to 28 families and 85 genera.(2)In terms of plant species composition,the gobi region has less species but far more shrub compared to the desert.(3)The plant diversity of the Black Gobi region is absent and Chenopodiaceae,Asteraceae,Fabaceae have relatively high quantities.(4)The Black Gobi desert edificators are Reaumuria soongarica,Halogeton glomeratus and Ephedra przewalskii.Calligonum klementzii,Astragalus hamiensis,Glycyrrhiza inflata are China endemic plants,and Populus euphratica,Gymnocarpos przewalskii,G.inflata are the national protected plants.(5)Zygophyllaceae,Chenopodiaceae and Ephedraceae are the dominant families in the flora and vegetation.Meanwhile,Mediterranea.W.Asia to C.Asia and North Temperate are overwhelming geographical elements,which account for 47% of the total genera in the Black Gobi desert.(6)Compared to the near desert regions,the ratio of xerophytes was higher,and the endemic element was extremely lower,but the relic nature was more obvious in the Black Gobi desert.