苦豆子提取物对黄瓜和番茄病原菌的抑制作用

苦豆子主要分布在我国西北沙漠地区,是一种抗逆性极强的豆科多年生药用植物。本实验采用带毒平板菌丝生长法和琼脂打孔药剂扩散法测定了苦豆子地上部分乙醇粗提物及其石油醚、氯仿、正丁醇和水层的不同极性溶剂萃取物对瓜果腐霉、黄瓜枯萎病菌、番茄枯萎病菌、番茄早疫病菌、黄瓜角斑病菌和番茄疮痂病菌的抗菌活性。结果表明,正丁醇萃取部分和氯仿萃取部分对真菌生长有较强的抑制活性,正丁醇萃取部分对细菌亦有较强的抑制活性,推测苦豆子中的生物碱是主要的抗真菌成分,存在于正丁醇萃取部分的黄酮和三萜类配糖体等成分同时具有抗真菌和抗细菌活性。

Inhibitory Effects of Sophora alopecuroides Extract to Pathogens on Cucumber and Tomato

Sophora alopecuroides mainly distributes in the desert regions of Northwest China as a highly adversity-resistant perennial officinal plant.The anti-microbial activities of crude ethanol extract from aerial parts of Sophora alopecuroides and its petroleum ether,chloroform,n-butanol and water fractions of Sophora alopecuroides to Pythium aphanidermatum,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici,Alternaria solani,Pseudomonas pachrymans and Xanthomonas vesicatoria were tested by mycelial radial growth test and agar-well diffusion.The results showed that the n-butanol and chloroform fractions had a stronger inhibitory activity to fungal growth and the n-butanol fraction had a stronger inhibitory activity to the bacteria,so that it was surmised that alkaloids in Sophora alopecuroides were the major ant-fungal component,and flavonoid glycosides and triterpene glycosides in the n-butanol fraction had both anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities.