阿月浑子与中国黄连木叶形态结构特征研究

采用指甲油印迹法、石蜡切片观察、电镜观察的方法对阿月浑子与中国黄连木叶片解剖结构、气孔分布与形态特征进行观测分析。结果显示,阿月浑子叶上表皮气孔分布密度为132～P168个/cm2,且气孔多出现在主脉附近,下表皮气孔数从基部到叶尖逐渐减少,密度为112～P357个/cm2;中国黄连木上表皮气孔极少,仅出现在主脉处,下表皮气孔分布状况与阿月浑子相近,密度为164～P377个/cm2;两树种均分布有巨型气孔和气孔群、表皮细胞角质层发达、少量非腺毛主要分布在叶缘,其次在主脉处,叶面有蜡质分布,而且阿月浑子的蜡质明显比中国黄连木多;阿月浑子有4～P5层栅栏组织细胞,几乎没有海绵组织,中国黄连木叶肉具1层栅栏组织,多层海绵组织;阿月浑子主叶脉6～P8个维管束环状排列,在韧皮部中有6～P8个内分泌道,中国黄连木主叶脉3个维管束扇形排列,在韧皮部中有1～P3个内分泌道。对2树种叶形态结构特征与抗旱性的关系进行分析结果表明,阿月浑子具有旱生植物叶片结构特点,其水分利用方式属耗水型,对我国北方气候表现出一定的适应性。

Leaf Morphology and Anatomy of Pistacia vera and P. chinensis

The leaf structure and stomata distribution of Pistacia vera and P. chinensis were observed with nail oil seal,optical microscope and scanning electron microscopes. The results showed that stomata fre- quency of P. vera varied between 132-168 per cm^2 mostly near main veins on the upper surface,l12-357 per cm2 on lower surface with decreasing gradually from the leaf bottom to tip. There were only a few sto- mata on the main vein of upper surface and 164~377 stomata per cm^2 with the same distribution model as P. vera on lower surface of P. chinensis. There were giant stomata and stoma groups on this two species, and their cuticle developed fully. There were a few epidermal hairs with mostly on the margin,and next on the vein for the both species,more waxes covered on the leaf surfaces of P. vera than P. chinensis. There were 4-5 layers of palisade cells and little spongy tissue in leaf of P. vera. Only one layer of palisade cells and layers of spongy tissue in leaf of P. chinensis. There were 6-8 vascular bundles arranging like sector in main vein,and 6-8 internal secretory vacuoles in leaf of P. vera, 3 vascular bundles and 1-3 internal se- cretory vacuoles were observed in leaf of P. chinensis. Those leaf properties of the two species and their re- lation to drought resistance and water use were discussed. The preliminary results indicated P. vera dis- played adaptation to environment in northern China.