白鲜营养器官解剖结构及其与白鲜碱的积累关系

应用植物解剖学、组织化学及植物化学方法对白鲜营养器官根、茎、叶的结构及其生物碱的积累进行了研究。结果显示:(1)白鲜根的次生结构以及茎和叶的结构类似一般双子叶植物;白鲜多年生根主要由周皮、次生韧皮部、维管形成层以及次生木质部组成,根次生韧皮部中可见大量的淀粉、草酸钙簇晶、韧皮纤维以及油细胞;茎由表皮、皮层、维管组织和髓组成;叶由表皮、栅栏组织、海绵组织和叶脉组成;在茎和叶初生韧皮部的位置均分布有韧皮纤维,在叶表皮上分布有头状腺毛和非腺毛;在茎和叶紧贴表皮处分布有分泌囊。(2)组织化学分析结果显示:在白鲜多年生根中,生物碱类物质主要分布在周皮、次生韧皮部、维管形成层和木薄壁细胞中;在茎中,生物碱主要分布在表皮、皮层、韧皮部、木薄壁细胞及髓周围薄壁细胞中;在叶中,生物碱主要分布在表皮细胞、叶肉组织和维管组织的薄壁细胞;此外在分泌囊和头状腺毛中亦含有生物碱类物质。(3)植物化学结果显示,秦岭产白鲜根皮/白鲜皮、根木质部、茎和叶中白鲜碱含量分别为0.041%、0.012%、0.004%和0.002%,其中木质部中白鲜碱含量和其他部分地区白鲜皮中白鲜碱含量类似。研究表明,在秦岭产白鲜营养器官中,除根皮/白鲜皮外,在根木质部亦含有大量的白鲜碱,且在茎和叶中亦含有一定的白鲜碱,具有潜在的开发利用价值。

Anatomical Structures of Vegetable Organs of Dictamnus dasycarpus and Dictamnine Accumulation

The anatomical structure and relationship to accumulation with alkaloid in vegetable organs of Dictamnus dasycarpus were studied,with plant anatomy,histochemistry and phytochemistry.The results show that:(1)the structures of perennial root,stem and leaf are in agreement with anatomy of the common dicotyledons.The perennial root consists of periderm,secondary phloem,vascular cambium and secondary xylem,and plenty of starch grains,calcium oxalate cluster crystals,fibers and oil cells are also observed.The stem constitutes epidermis,cortex,vascular tissue and pith.The leaf consists of epidermis,palisade tissue,spongy tissue and vein.The phloem fibers are detected at the location of primary phloem.The capitate glandular hairs and non-glandular hairs are located on the epidermis of stem and leaf,and the secretory cavities distribute in the mesophyll tissue which are closed to the epidermis.(2)Histochemically,the alkaloids are located in the periderm,parenchyma cells of secondary phloem,vascular cambium and parenchyma cells in xylem of perennial root.In stem,the alkaloids are detected in the epidermis,cortex,phloem,parenchyma cells of xylem,parenchyma cells surrounding the pith in stem.In leaf,the alkaloids are in the epidermis,parenchyma cells of the vein and phloem.In addition,the alkaloids are also detected in the secretory cavities and glandular hairs.(3)The HLPC results suggest that the content of dictamnine in Dictamni Cortex,and the xylem,stem and leaf are 0.041%,0.012%,0.004% and 0.002%,and the xylem also shows high content of dictamnine as some other regions.The study suggests that the xylem,stem and leaf are also characterized by certain content of dictamnine,indicating a potential exploitation and utilization value.