外源ALA对克瑞森无核葡萄叶片光合特性及果实品质的影响

以日光温室栽培的欧亚葡萄品种克瑞森无核为试验材料,在果实膨大期和始熟期采用不同浓度(50、100和150mg·L~(-1))5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)喷施叶片和果穗,研究外源ALA处理对葡萄叶片光合特性、果实着色效果及果实品质的影响。结果表明:(1)各浓度ALA处理后葡萄叶片胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、净光合速率(Pn)都有不同程度的增加,并以100mg·L~(-1) ALA处理效果最好。(2)50~150mg·L~(-1) ALA处理均能不同程度提高葡萄果皮花青素、叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量,且各ALA处理的果实可溶性糖含量显著高于对照,但可滴定酸含量低于对照。(3)100和150mg·L~(-1) ALA处理能够显著改善果实成熟期的着色参数,且果实着色指数(CIRG)与花青素的积累呈现出良好的一致性。研究发现,在葡萄果实膨大期及始熟期喷施适宜浓度(100mg·L~(-1))ALA能够有效提高叶片光合性能,同时促进果实着色,显著改善果实外观色泽和果实品质。

Effect of 5 aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) on Leaf Photosynthesis and Fruit Quality of Crimson Seedless Grapevine

In greenhouse, with cultivation Eurasian grape variety of Crimson Seedless as experimental materials, we sprayed the different concentrations (50,100 and 150 mg·L^-1)of 5 aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on the leave and grape clusters in the stage of fruit enlargement and initial maturity, to investigate the effects of ALA treatment on grape leaf photosynthetic characteristics and fruit coloration and fruit quality. The results showed that: (1) after treated with different doses of ALA, grape leaf intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r) and net photosynthetic rate (P_n) had increased in different degrees, and 100 mg·L^-1 ALA had the best performance; (2) 50~150 mg·L^-1 ALA treatment significantly increased the grape anthocyanin, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents; soluble sugar content of fruit was significantly higher than that of control, and the titratable acid content was lower than that of the control; (3) 100 and 150 mg·L^-1 treatments can significantly improve the fruit maturity and fruit coloring parameters, and color index (CIRG) agreement was in good agreement with the accumulation of anthocyanins. It was found that spraying suitable concentration (100 mg·L^-1) of ALA during grape fruit enlargement and initial maturity stage can effectively improve leaf photosynthetic performance, and promote fruit coloring, and significantly improve fruit appearance, color and fruit quality.