甘肃敦煌西湖荒漠-湿地生态系统土壤水分空间异质性及其影响因子研究

土壤水分是内陆荒漠区湿地生态系统中重要的限制因子,为了揭示该区域土壤水分空间分布特征,采用传统统计学和地统计学相结合的方法,对甘肃敦煌西湖国家级自然保护区0~200cm内各层土壤水分的空间变异性及海拔、土壤质地和植被对其的影响进行了研究,旨在为极干旱区湿地生态系统植被修复和保育提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)本研究所得各变量的变异系数、块金方差、基台值、变程和结构比分别为36.51%~88.65%、0.007~0.098、0.112~0.549、116~453和76.6%~97.6%,各变量均为中等变异,存在高度异质性,具有较强空间自相关。(2)深层(60~200cm)土壤水分含量较浅层(0~60cm)变异大,且不同层次土壤水分含量的空间异质性差别也较大,空间变异主要发生在较小尺度上(分维数D在1.902~1.989之间)。(3)海拔是影响该区域深层土壤水分空间变异的主导因子。(4)土壤质地与浅层(0~60cm)土壤水分含量的相关性大于与深层(60~200cm)土壤含水量的相关性,它们与海拔相关性表现相反;草本植被盖度与浅层土壤水分含量呈较高的正关联关系,灌木根量与深层土壤水分含量呈较高的负关联关系。

Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Moisture and Related Factors in Desert-Wetland Ecosystem Enclosed in Dunhuang Xihu,Gansu,China

Soil moisture is the dominant limiting factor of desert-wetland ecosystems in the inland.Based on the traditional and geographical statistics methods,we measured soil moisture ranged from 0 to 200 cm depth to find the rules of their spatial distribution characteristics,and surveyed some associated environmental factors such as altitude,soil texture and related vegetation indices in desert-wetland ecosystem at Xihu district,Dunhuang National Nature Reserve of Gansu Province,which may be helpful to vegetation restoration,protection and sustainable management in wetland ecosystem at extreme arid areas.The main results were as follows:(1)the coefficients of variation,Nugget variance,sill,range and spatial dependence were ranged from 36.51% to 88.65%,0.007 to 0.098,0.112 to 0.549,116 to 453 and 76.6% to 97.6%,respectively,and all their variables were at a medium variation level and a high heterogeneity and strong spatial autocorrelation was appeared.(2)The variability of soil moisture in the deep soil profile at 60 to 200 cm was higher than those in the shallow layer at 0 to 60 cm,which kept much more differences at different layers,especially in some small scales.(3)The altitude was a dominant factor that influenced the variation of deep soil moisture trend.(4)The relationships between soil texture and soil moisture in deep soil at 60 to 200 cm were stronger than those of shallow layers at 0 to 60 cm,otherwise,which did not comply with the factor of altitude;there were a great positive correlation between the herbage coverage and the soil moisture in shallow soil layers,but a negative correlation between the root biomass of shrub and the soil moisture in deep soil layers.