HMW-GS的SDS-PAGE图谱在小麦品质评价中的应用

采用SDS—PAGE技术对陕西关中地区各时期大面积推广小麦品种、品种资源和新品系的HMW—GS组成进行了分析。在该地区50多年大面积推广的33个品种中，检测出9种HMW亚基(对)及其组成；品种HMW—GS的评分在5～10分之间，平均6．9分；4个时期品种HMW-GS的平均评分有升有降，优质亚基出现的频率普遍偏低；向小麦品种中聚合多种优质HMW—GS将成为陕西关中未来小麦育种的主要目标之一。53种小麦品种资源的亚基或亚基对组合类型比较丰富，具有一批携带优质亚基5 10、1、2*、7 8、14 15或17 18等资源。8个新选品系中，有4个品系携带了多种优质亚基，其中3个品系HMW—GS的评分为10分；Q1043已被审定通过，目前正在陕西关中推广种植。实践证明，采用SDS—PAGE方法对生产上推广品种、品种资源和新选品系的HMW—GS变异研究，有助于在短时间内了解生产上推广小麦品质生产现状、制订育种目标、选配亲本和品系品质性状筛选，是一种非常实用的品质快速检测方法。

Application of HMW-GS diagram of SDS-PAGE to studies on wheat quality

The HMW-GS compositions of the most commonly grown wheat cultivars during different times in central Shaanxi plain were studied by SDS-PAGE method. HMW-GS compositions of some germplasms and new lines were also done. The nine types of HMW-GS and their composition were detected in central Shaanxi plain-grown wheat cultivars during the recent more than 50 years. The quality scores of the cultivars were from 5 to 10 and their average score was 6.9. The every average score of the four times was different. The frequency of good subunits was very low in central Shaanxi plain-grown wheat cultivars. Convergent many HMW-GS in this area-grown wheat cultivars may be a main objective of wheat breeding in the future. The subunit types of 53 wheat germplasms were abundant. Those carried good subunits (5+10,1,2*,7+8,14+15 or 17+18). The four new wheat lines had many good subunits. The quality scores of three new lines were all 10.Line Q1043 has been examined and approved and is planted at present in central Shaanxi plain.The results of studies on HMW-GS composition of wheat cultivars,germplams and new lines may help to know current situation of wheat cultivar quality,lay down breeding objective and select new lines.The SDS-PAGE method was a very practical,quick way in wheat quality breeding.