黄土高原蕨类植物区系特点的初步研究

对黄土高原的蕨类植物区系组成、分类及其特点进行了研究。结果表明，黄土高原有蕨类植物26科、53属、184种及3变种，种类较多的科有蹄盖蕨科（30种）、鳞毛蕨科（26种）、水龙骨科（20种）、铁角蕨科（12种）、卷柏科（12种）、中国蕨科（11种）及裸子蕨科（10种）等。这７科的种类共计１２１种，占本地区总种数的64.71%。种类较多的属有鳞毛蕨属（13种）、郑柏属（12种）、耳蕨属（11种）、铁角蕨属（11种）、蹄盖蕨属（10种）、瓦韦属（10种）、铁线蕨属（9种）及岩蕨属（9种）等。这8属的种类共计85种，占本地区总种数45.46%，黄土高原蕨类植物区系属的地理成分可划分为15个分布区类型。热带、亚热带分布类型的有18属，占总属数的41.86%，北温带及寒带分布类型的有22属，占总属数（世界分布属除外）的51.16%，其中，亚洲分布类型的最多，计有16属，占总属数的37.20%，表明黄封同原蕨类植物区系是温带类型，区系地理成分以华北区蕨类植物为主，同时也集中了华中、华东、东北、西北以及西南的蕨类植物。而中国特有的分布属只有1属。

Preliminary Study on the Characteristics of Pteridophyte Flora in the Loess Plateau

The classification, composition and characteristics of pteridophyte flora in the Loess Plateau were investigated.The results revealed that the pteridophytes in the Loess Plateau consisted of 184 species and 3 varieties,53 genera and 26 families.Of the pteridophytes,Athyriaceae (30 species),Dryopteridaceae (26 species),Polypodiaceae (20 species),Aspleniaceae (12 species),Selaginellaceae (12 species),Sinopteridaceae (11 species),Hermionitidaceae (10 species) covered higher proportions.These 7 families contained 121 species,which accounted for 64.71% of the total number of pteridophyte species in the plateau.The species with relatively higher proportions belonged to Dryopteris (13 species), Selaginella (12 species), Asplenium (11 species), Polystichum (11 species), Athyrium (10 species), Lepisorus (10 species), Adiantum (9 species) and Woodsia (9 species).These 8 genera occupied 85 species,which comprised 45.46% of the total number of pteridophyte species in the plateau.The pteridophyte genera occurring in the pteridophyte flora in the Loess Plateau fell into fifteen areal types.Tropical and subtropical areals covered 18 genera,which accounted for 41.86% of the total genus number;North temperate and cool temperate areals took 22 genera,which accounted for 51.16% of the total genus number (not including cosmopolitan genera),and most of which,totaling 16 genera,occupied Asian areals and accounted for 37.20% of the genus total,and this showed that the pteridophyte flora in the Loess Plateau belonged to a temperate type.The geographical elements of the pteridophyte flora mainly consisted of the pteridophytes occurring in northern China in addition to those occurring in central China,east China,northeast China,northwest China and southeast China.However,only one pteridophyte genus was endemic to China.