菊花不同花期及花序不同部位香气成分和挥发研究

以切花菊品种‘神马’为试材,采用顶空-固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)技术,分别测定菊花不同花期及花序不同部位的香气成分种类和含量,并利用生物显微镜观察花瓣的表皮细胞和横切面组织细胞的结构特征。结果表明:(1)菊花花蕾期共检测到香气成分24种,始花期31种,盛花期43种,终花期22种;随着花朵的开放和凋谢,酮类、萜烯类和醇类化合物的含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,在盛花期含量达到最高,而酯类、醛类和杂环类化合物则呈持续下降的趋势。(2)盛花期,在舌状花中共检测到香气成分种类31种,在管状花中共检测到50种;舌状花对菊花香气的贡献比管状花大;菊花舌状花由内轮向外轮香气成分种类变化不大,但是同类香气成分含量的变化出现由内轮向外轮逐渐减少的趋势。(3)异环柠檬醛、桉叶醇、α-蒎烯、β-金合欢烯和石竹烯等化合物可能为菊花的主要特征香气成分。(4)显微观察结果表明:舌状花的香气可能是通过表皮细胞间隙释放的,上表皮是菊花释放香气的主要部位。

Studies of Aroma Compounds in Chrysanthemum in Different Florescence and Inflorescence Parts and Aroma Releasing

Aroma components in ’Jinba’ in different florescence and inflorescence parts were analyzed by Head Solid-phase Micro-extraction and GC/MS technology.The basic structure of the petal cell and the cross-section was observed by the biological microscope.The results showed that:(1)There were 24 components identified at bud stage,31 at early opening stage,43 at full opening stage and 22 at declining period.With the flower blooming and senescence,the contents of ketones,terpenes and alcohols raised to the highest at full opening stage,and the contents of alkanes,aldehydes and heterocycles decreased.(2)At full opening stage,there were 31 components identified in the ligulate flower and 50 in the tubular flower.The ligulate flower was probably the most important part that could influence the volatile releasing.The categories of the main aromatic components of ligulate flower in different parts were not change,but their contents were decreased from inner part to outer part.(3)Isocyclocitral,eucalyptol,α-pinene,β-farnesene,and caryophyllene were the characteristic constituents of aroma.(4)The results of microscopic observation showed that aroma was probably emitted from the intercellular space and the adaxial epidermis was the main releasing part.