山西历山珍稀药用植物AM真菌资源与土壤因子的关系

以山西历山自然保护区暴马丁香、连香树、南方红豆杉和领春木4种珍稀药用植物为材料,研究其根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)的菌根结构类型和种属分布,同时分析土壤因子与其侵染率和孢子密度的关系。结果表明:(1)暴马丁香菌根类型为中间型(I-型),连香树和领春木为重楼型(P-型),南方红豆杉为疆南星型(A-型);4种植物根际共鉴定AMF 27种,分别隶属于球囊霉属(Glomus)、无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)、盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellos-pora)、多孢囊霉属(Diversispora)和原囊霉属(Archaeospora)5属,其中Glomus为优势属。(2)pH与暴马丁香和领春木的侵染率和孢子密度呈正相关,但与连香树和南方红豆杉呈负相关;速效磷与暴马丁香、南方红豆杉和领春木的侵染率和孢子密度呈正相关,但与连香树呈负相关;碱解氮、有机质与暴马丁香、连香树和领春木的侵染率和孢子密度呈正相关,但与南方红豆杉呈负相关。(3)4种药用植物的菌根侵染率主要受其根际土壤碱解氮的影响,而根际AMF孢子密度主要受根际土壤pH制约。可见,历山自然保护区内AMF资源丰富,多样性程度也较高;宿主植物不同,土壤因子对其侵染率和孢子密度的影响也不同。

Relationship between AM Fungi Resources of Rare Medicinal Plants and Soil Factors in Lishan Mountain

The mycorrhizal structure type and species of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi(AMF) in rhizosphere of 4 rare medicinal plants,Syringa reticulata var.amurensis,Cercidiphyllum japonicum,Taxus chinensis var.mairei and Euptelea pleiosperma in Lishan Nature Reserves,and the effect of soil factors on colonization rate and spore density were studied.The results showed that 27 species of AMF were identified from the rhizosphere of rare medicinal plants.They were belonged to Glomus,Acaulospora,Scutellospora,Diversispora and Archaeospora 5 genus and Glomus was the dominant genera.Mycorrhizal structure type of S.reticulata var.amurensis,C.japonicum,T.chinensis var.mairei and E.pleiosperma were Intermediate-type,Paris-type,Arum-type and Paris-type repectively.Correlation analysis between soil factors and mycorrhizal fungal spore density or colonization rate revealed that pH positively correlated with mycorrhizal fungal spore density or colonization rate of S.reticulata var.amurensis and E.pleiosperma,and negatively correlated with C.japonicum and T.chinensis var.mairei.Available P showed positive correlation with mycorrhizal fungal spore density or colonization rate of S.reticulata var.amurensis,T.chinensis var.mairei and E.pleiosperma,and negative correlation with C.japonicum.Alkali-hydrolyz-able N and organic matter appeared positive correlation with mycorrhizal fungal spore density or colonization rate of S.reticulata var.amurensis,C.japonicum and E.pleiosperma,and negative correlation with T.chinensis var.mairei.Path analysis indicated that alkali-hydrolyz-able N played a leading role to their mycorrhizal fungal colonization rate,while pH played a leading role to mycorrhizal fungal spore density of 4 rare medicinal plants.These results indicated that there was abundant AMF in this Nature Reserves,and with high diversity.The effect of soil factors to colonization rate and spore density varied with host plants.