喀斯特地区野生毛葡萄的钙组分特征及其对高钙环境的适应性分析北大核心CSCD

为了探究喀斯特地区野生毛葡萄(Vitis quinquangularis Rehd.)器官的钙含量、组分及其分布特征,揭示野生毛葡萄的需钙特性及其对高钙土壤的适应机制。该研究以贵州喀斯特地区野生毛葡萄为材料,取样测定了40个样地的野生毛葡萄立地土壤的pH值、交换性钙含量及其根、茎、叶中钙和镁及其钙组分含量,分析土壤交换性钙含量与不同钙组分间的关系,并观察野生毛葡萄叶片表面及根、茎、叶中的钙晶体。结果表明:(1)喀斯特地区野生毛葡萄总钙含量在器官中的分布表现为叶>根>茎,其分布特征与喜钙植物类似。(2)野生毛葡萄根、茎、叶中主要钙组分含量由高到低依次基本为草酸钙、果胶酸钙、水溶性钙、磷酸钙+碳酸钙、硝酸钙+氯化钙、硅酸钙(茎中稍有不同),根、茎、叶中草酸钙占所有钙组分总量和总钙含量的比例均最高,其次是果胶酸钙。(3)各样地野生毛葡萄叶片中Ca+Mg的含量范围在1.30%~4.07%之间,绝大多数在3.0%~4.0%范围内,表现出喜钙植物叶中高Ca+Mg含量的特性。(4)在喀斯特地区的野生毛葡萄体内,多种钙组分含量与土壤中的钙含量呈显著或极显著的正相关关系。(5)扫描电镜观察发现,野生毛葡萄叶片和根中储存有大量的草酸钙晶体,叶片中的草酸钙可通过气孔排出体外。研究发现,喀斯特地区野生毛葡萄属于喜钙植物,对喀斯特高钙环境的适应性强,叶片中钙的富集量大,有大量的草酸钙和果胶酸钙储存于体内,这种储钙特性和气孔的排钙行为对野生毛葡萄适应高钙环境具有重要作用。

Calcium Component Characteristics and Adaptability Analysis on Vitis quinquangularis in High Calcium Environment of Karst Area

To explore the calcium contents, components and distribution characteristics in organs of Vitis quinquangularis Rehd. in Karst area, and to reveal its calcium requirement characteristics and its adaptation mechanism to high calcium soil, we used V. quinquangularis in Karst area of Guizhou as the material in the experiment. The pH valve and exchangeable Ca content in soil, Ca, Mg and calcium component contents in root, stem and leaf of V. quinquangularis in 40 samples were tested. The correlation between exchangeable Ca content in soil and different calcium component contents were analyzed. The calcium crystals on the leaf surface and in root, stem and leaf of V. quinquangularis were observed. The results showed that: (1) the distribution of calcium content in organs of V. quinquangularis was leaf > root > stem, and its distribution characteristic is similar to that of calcicole. (2) The contents of main calcium components in root, stem and leaf of V. quinquangularis from high to low were HCl Ca, NaCl Ca, H₂O Ca, HAC Ca, ALC Ca, Res Ca, but slightly different in stem. The proportion of HCl Ca in all calcium components and calcium content was the highest in root, stem and leaf, followed by NaCl Ca. (3) The content of Ca+Mg in leaf of V. quinquangularis ranged from 1.30% to 4.07%, and the majority content ranged from 3.0% to 4.0%, which showed that the characteristic of high Ca+Mg content in leaf of calcicole. (4) There were significant or extremely significant correlations between the contents of various calcium components in V. quinquangularis in Karst area and the exchangeable Ca content in soil. (5) A large number of calcium oxalate crystals were found in leaf and root of V. quinquangularis by scanning electronic microscope, which can be excreted through the stomata in leaf. The studies showed that V. quinquangularis in Karst area was calcicole, which had strong adaptability to high calcium environment. A large number of calcium enriched in leaf, and a large amount of HCl Ca and NaCl Ca stored in plants. It played an important role in adapting to high calcium environment that calcium storage characteristic and stomatal calcium excretion behavior.