中国食用向日葵育种国产化历程及研究进展

中国食用向日葵育种近40年来取得了巨大成就，实现了从自留农家种、选育常规品种、引进国外杂交种以及培育国产杂交种4 次品种更新。中国向日葵种植面积基本保持在59万hm²左右，种植区主要集中在北方10个省区，其中内蒙古自治区种植面积约占全国总面积的四分之三，其次是新疆。中国以食用向日葵种植为主，约占总面积的95%以上，是世界上食用向日葵主要生产国。食用向日葵主要用于休闲嗑食，除高产外，商品外观品质(粒型、色泽、口感等)仍将是当今主要育种目标。另外，向日葵生产区因长期连作种植，病原菌、列当等生物逆境因素与向日葵发生协同进化，加之食用向日葵遗传背景狭窄，病虫草害日趋严重。该文通过对中国食用向日葵育种历程进行回顾，尤其对国内外有关向日葵抗病育种研究进展进行综述，为解析食用向日葵抗性育种机制以及前瞻性抗性品种储备提供重要的理论与技术支持，以推动食用向日葵产业的高效优质发展。

Breeding History and Research Advancements of Confection Sunflower in China

Over the past 40 years, confection sunflower in China has achieved 4 cycles of significant improvements by growing local landraces selected by farmers, large scale cultivating open pollinated varieties (OPV) through conventional breeding, introduced foreign hybrids, and recently proprietary hybrids domestically developed. The area planted to sunflower in China is expected to remain at around 0.59 Mhm², which is mainly concentrated in 10 provinces of the north region with around three fourth of the production in Inner Mongolia, followed by Xinjiang. In term of sunflower production, over 95% is confection sunflower, which enabled China to become a leading producer of the confection sunflower worldwide. Confection sunflower is mostly used for leisue snack, besides seed yield, seed quality of sunflower (e.g. seed size, seed color, tasty flavor) continues to be the top priority of breeding programs. Moreover, in sunflower production areas, due to long term continuous cultivation of sunflower without crop rotation, co evolution of disease pathogens, broomrape, and other biotic stresses with sunflower crops, plus, the limited genetic background of confection sunflower, varieties of damages caused by diseases, insects and weeds are getting worse. By summarizing of breeding history of Chinese confection sunflower, particularly international progress of disease resistant breeding in sunflower crops, this review would provide significant theoretical and technical supports on underlying resistance mechanisms and development of potential resistant varieties, to further enhance the high efficiency development of the confection sunflower industry.