纳米硒对紫色马铃薯生长及其矿质元素含量和品质特性的影响

以紫色马铃薯品种‘黑美人’为试材,采用水培法,分别用不同浓度(0、0.38、0.19和0.095 mmol/L)纳米硒溶液对紫色马铃薯进行叶面喷施处理,研究纳米硒对紫色马铃薯生长、矿质元素含量及品质特性的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,各硒处理马铃薯的生物量与单株结薯数均显著增加,其中喷施0.095 mmol/L硒处理的生物量最高且增幅达1.5倍,喷施0.19 mmol/L硒处理的单株结薯数显著增加2.2倍。(2)纳米硒能够显著提高紫色马铃薯叶片、根系、块茎硒含量,各器官硒含量大小呈现:根系>叶片>块茎的特点,且喷施0.095 mmol/L硒处理块茎总硒含量达0.106 mg/kg,较对照显著提高0.65倍,达到了马铃薯块茎的富硒标准;同时纳米硒可在不同程度上调控K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn在马铃薯各器官中的分配。(3)随施硒浓度的增加,紫色马铃薯块茎中淀粉、可溶性蛋白及游离氨基酸含量呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,均在喷施0.19 mmol/L硒处理下达到最大值,且较对照分别显著增加56.33%、26.91%和27.89%;块茎中花青素、可溶性糖含量呈下降趋势,均在喷施0.095 mmol/L硒处理下达到最大值,且较对照分别显著提高24.73%、25.33%;而块茎中硝态氮含量呈上升趋势,在喷施0.095 mmol/L硒处理下最低并较对照显著降低34.82%。研究表明,叶面喷施0.095~0.19 mmol/L纳米硒溶液能够显著促进紫色马铃薯生长和单株结薯数,提高硒元素含量,调控矿质元素含量在器官中分配,有效改善其块茎品质特性。

Effects of Nano selenium on the Growth and Its Mineral Element Contents and Quality Characteristics of Purple Potatoes

In order to evaluate the effects of nano-selenium on growth,mineral element contents and quality characteristics of purple potatoes,in this study we treated the purple potato cultivar‘black beauty’under hydroponic cultivation with foliar-spraying of different concentrations of nano-selenium(0,0.38,0.19 and 0.095 mmol/L).The results showed that:(1)biomass and tuber number per plant of all selenium treatments increased significantly compared with the control group,among which the highest increase of plant biomass under the treatment of spraying with 0.095 mmol/L selenium reached 1.5 times,and the tuber number per plant treated with spraying with 0.19 mmol/L selenium significantly increased by 2.2 times.(2)Nano-selenium could significantly improve the selenium content of leaves,roots and tubers of purple potatoes.The pattern of total Se concentration in different tissues of the plant followed the order of root>leaf>tuber,and the total selenium content in tubers reached 0.106 mg/kg under the treatment of spraying with 0.095 mmol/L selenium,which was significantly increased by 0.65 times compared with the control group,that is to meet se-riched standard of potato tubers.Meanwhile,the distribution of K,Ca,Mg,Mn and Zn in potato tissues can be controlled by nano-selenium to different levels.(3)With the increase of selenium concentration in foliar-spraying,the contents of starch,soluble protein and free amino acid in purple potato tubers were appeared the trend of unimodal trend,which reached the maximum value under 0.19 mmol/L selenium treatment,and increased significantly by 56.33%,26.91%and 27.89%respectively compared with the control.Meanwhile,the contents of anthocyanin and soluble sugar in tubers showed a decreasing trend,which reached the maximum value under the treatment of spraying with 0.095 mmol/L selenium,and increased significantly by 24.73%and 25.33%respectively compared with the control;while the nitrate nitrogen content was on the rise,and decreased significantly by 34.82%compared with the control,which reached the minimum value under 0.095 mmol/L selenium treatment.Therefore,nano-selenium foliar-spraying concentration at 0.095-0.19 mmol/L could significantly promote the growth and increase selenium content and quality characteristics of purple potato.