水稻剑叶气孔性状与孕穗期耐冷性的关系研究

以人工气候室鉴定的孕穗期耐冷性不同的10个水稻品种为材料,采用扫描电子显微镜观测其剑叶的气孔密度、气孔大小和单位面积气孔周长等性状特点,以探讨水稻剑叶气孔性状与孕穗期耐冷性的关系.结果表明:耐冷性强品种'培杂软香'、'天优688'、'冈优825' 的气孔密度和单位叶面积气孔总周长较小,分别为380～410个/mm2和29.8～32.6 cm;耐冷性弱的品种'粤杂763'气孔密度和单位叶面积气孔总周长较大,分别为618个/mm~2和46.9 cm; 耐冷性中等的品种'培杂泰丰'等介于二者之间,分别为460～510个/mm~2和35.1～39.3 cm.气孔密度相近时,气孔较大的品种耐冷性较弱;单位叶面积气孔总周长相近时,气孔密度大的品种耐冷性较弱.研究发现,水稻品种剑叶的气孔密度和单位叶面积气孔总周长与其孕穗期耐冷性均呈极显著正相关,可以作为水稻孕穗期耐冷性的鉴定指标.

Correlations between the Cold Tolerance during the Booting Stage and the Stomatal Traits of Flag Leaf Surface in Rice

The flag leaf stomatal traits of ten rice cultivars with different cold tolerance,which were examined by artificial climate chamber,were studied by using scanning-electron microscope.The results showed that the cold tolerant cultivar,such as 'Peiza ruangxiang','Tianyou 688',and 'Gangyou 825' had a low stomatal density, 380～410 stoma per mm~2,the cold susceptible cultivar 'Yueza 763' had a high stomatal density,618 stoma per mm~2,and moderate cold tolerant cultivars had a moderate stomatal density,460～510 stoma per mm~2.When the stomatal density was similar,the rice cultivar with big stoma had the low cold tolerance level. The cold tolerant cultivar,such as 'Peiza ruangxiang', 'Tianyou 688', and 'Gangyou 825' had a short total stomatal circumference,29.8～32.6 cm per unit leaf area,the cold susceptible per unitvar 'Yueguangsimiao' had a long total stomatal circumference,46.9 cm per unit leaf area.When the total stomatal circumference per unit leaf area was similar,the rice cultivar with high stomatal density had the low cold tolerance level.The rice cultivar cold tolerance during the booting stage was significantly positively correlated with its flag leaf stomatal density and total stomatal circumference per unit leaf area.