氮素形态及配比对5个种源菘蓝的生物碱类成分和多糖的影响

以5份不同种源的菘蓝为材料,采用田间小区试验,设置不施氮(CK)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)、NH4+-N/NO3--N=75/25、NH4+-N/NO3--N=50/50、NH4+-N/NO3--N=25/75和酰胺态氮等7个处理,分析比较了不同种源植株的靛蓝、靛玉红和总生物碱含量、(R,S)-告依春及多糖含量等指标的差异,为菘蓝栽培生产中氮素的高效利用提供理论参考。结果表明:氮素处理有利于提高山西运城菘蓝和陕西商洛菘蓝叶内靛蓝含量,以及安徽亳州菘蓝和陕西商洛菘蓝叶内的总生物碱含量;NH4+-N/NO3--N=50/50处理对山西运城菘蓝,以及酰胺态氮处理对山西运城菘蓝和陕西商洛菘蓝叶内生物碱类成分的积累均有促进作用;与对照相比,氮素处理亦能有效地提高甘肃张掖菘蓝和陕西商洛菘蓝根内的(R,S)-告依春及安徽亳州菘蓝根内的多糖含量;安徽阜阳菘蓝(R,S)-告依春含量在任一氮处理下均远远高于其他种质菘蓝。研究表明,不同种源菘蓝对氮素处理的响应存在较大的差异,建议生产中综合考虑菘蓝的来源和需肥规律,采用经济有效的施氮组合,以提高其活性成分含量。

Effect of Nitrogen Forms and Proportion on Alkaloids and Polysaccharide of Isatis indigotica Fort. from Five Areas

To provide theoretical reference for the efficient use in cultivation of Isatis indigotica, field experiment was carried to analyze the indigo, indirubin, total alkaloids, (R,S) epigoitrin and polysaccharide of I. indigotica from five different areas by using seven nitrogen treatments with three repeats, which were nitrogen control (CK), NO₃^- N, NH₄⁺ N, NH₄⁺ N/NO₃^- N=75/25, NH₄⁺ N/NO₃^- N=50/50, NH₄⁺ N/NO₃^- N=25/75 and CO(NH₂)₂, respectively. The results showed that nitrogen treatment was beneficial to improve its indigo of I. indigotica leaves from Yuncheng Shanxi and Shangluo Shaanxi. Meanwhile, the nitrogen treatment could also improve the total alkaloids of Bozhou Anhui and Shangluo Shaanxi. The content of indigo, indirubin and total alkaloids were all increased in the group of Yuncheng Shanxi with NH₄⁺ N/NO₃^- N=50/50, as well as Yuncheng Shanxi and Shangluo Shaanxi with amide nitrogen. Compared with control, nitrogen treatment could effectively improve the (R,S) epigoitrin content of I. indigotica roots from Zhangye Gansu and Shangluo Shaanxi, and the polysaccharide content of I. indigotica roots from Bozhou Anhui. The (R,S) epigoitrin content of I. indigotica roots from Fuyang Anhui was much higher than that of others in any treatment. These results indicated that there are many differences among the responses of nitrogen treatment in different areas. Therefore, we could improve the contents of active components of the I. indigotica by applying cost effective nitrogen treatment according to the resource of I. indigotica and fertilizer required rhythm.