太行山南段森林群落物种多样性研究

分别用多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数对山西太行山南段森林群落的物种多样性及其与环境的关系进行了分析.结果表明:(1)3个植被型的物种多样性指数的顺序为:落叶阔叶林>温性针阔叶混交林>温性针叶林.(2)落叶阔叶林中各群系的物种多样性指数的顺序为:漆树 青麸杨林>鹅耳枥 青榨槭林>青檀林>辽东栎林>栓皮栎林>白桦林>红桦林>山杨 白桦林.(3)温性针叶林中各群系的物种多样性指数的顺序为南方红豆杉林>油松林>白皮松林>侧柏林.(4)物种丰富度指数在群落梯度上的总体趋势表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层;多样性指数的趋势则为灌木层>乔木层>草本层;各群落灌木层物种均匀度指数大于乔木层和草本层,乔木层均匀度与草本层相差不明显.(5)各群落多样性指数在海拔梯度上表现出明显的规律,呈单峰曲线变化,即中等海拔高度上的群落物种多样性较高,而高海拔和低海拔多样性较低,这主要是由于在中海拔(大约1 500 m)地段水热条件组合较好、人类活动干扰较少所致.

Species Diversity of Forest Communities in Southern Taihang Mountains,Shanxi

The species diversity and its relations of forest communities to the environment in southern Taihang Mountains were analyzed in terms of diversity index,abundance index and evenness index and the results revealed that(1) the species-diveristy indexes of the three vegetation types increase in the order of deciduous broadleaf forest,temperate coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest and temperate coniferous forest.(2) In various formations of deciduous broadleaf forest,the species-diversity indexes increase in the order of Form.Toxicodendron vernicifluum Rhus potaninii,Form.Carpinus turczaninowii Acer davidii,Form.Pteroceltis tatarinowii,Quercus liaotungensis,Form.Quercus variabilis,Form.Betula platyphylla,Form.Betula albo-sinensis and Form.Populus davidiana Betula albo-sinensis.(3) Various formations of temperate coniferous forest,the species-diversity indexes increase in the order of Form.Taxus chinensis var.mairei,Form.Pinus tabulaeformis,Form.Pinus bungeana and Form.Platycladus orientalis.(4) In forest communities,the species abundance indexes generally tend to increase in the order of herb stratum,shrub stratum and arbor stratum,and the species diversity indexes generally tend to increase in the order of shrub stratum,arbor stratum and herb stratum.In various communities,the species evenness indexes in shrub stratum are higher than those in arbor stratum and herb stratum,and the species evenness indexes of herb stratum and arbor stratum do not differ significantly.(5) In various communities,the species diversity indexes appear to vary with the elevation above sea level in a single-peak curve,i.e.,high with medium elevation and low with low and high elevations above sea level,and this is mainly because there is a favorable water and warmth combination at medium elevation(about 1 500 m) above sea level and low human disturbance.